{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:25:02Z","timestamp":1771237502668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the use of psychedelics to impact health has seen growth, little research has tested the effects of culture conditions on the relationship. More specifically, how does marital status and family size affect the relationship between psychedelics and health? This study tests the relationship between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use (LCPU), marital status, and household size (number of people living in a household) on levels of psychological distress in the past 30 days. This project uses pooled data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2010 to 2018) (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 674,521). The Final sample size is determined by the dependent variable, psychological distress in the past month (n = 158,633). The analysis includes a series of nested logistic regression models conducted in Stata 17. Results indicate that LCPU is independently associated with better health, but the association between LCPU and health varies across levels of household size. Larger households are associated with higher levels of distress, which are then exacerbated among psychedelics users. Furthermore, three-way interactions reveal that the negative association between household size and distress gets larger among psychedelic users who are married, divorced, and widowed. Overall, results suggest that household size negatively impacts the association between LCPU and health, with those who are married, divorced, and widowed experiencing the worst outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T18:28:46Z","timestamp":1709836126000},"page":"e0293675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Diminished psychedelic returns on distress: Marital status and household size"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7125-0192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean M.","family":"Vi\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0293675.ref001","first-page":"34","article-title":"Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: Emerging treatments in mental health disorders","volume":"121","author":"A Penn","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285","article-title":"Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"78","author":"AK Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565653","article-title":"Classic psychedelic use is associated with reduced psychological distress and suicidality in the United States adult population","volume":"29","author":"PS Hendricks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05249-5","article-title":"MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials","volume":"236","author":"MC Mithoefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4771-x","article-title":"Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up","volume":"235","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512","article-title":"Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"S Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","article-title":"Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial","volume":"30","author":"RR Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103473","article-title":"United States National Institutes of Health grant funding for psychedelic-assisted therapy clinical trials from 2006\u20132020","volume":"99","author":"BS Barnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022","article-title":"Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity","volume":"23","author":"C Ly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"pone.0293675.ref010","first-page":"436","article-title":"On the Relationship between Classic Psychedelics and Suicidality: A Systematic Review","author":"RJ Zeifman","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science. 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