{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:13:23Z","timestamp":1792689203984,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIH\/NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI120793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI120793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI142647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI142647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) decreases risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease; impact on long-term infant growth is unknown. In a recent randomized trial (RCT), we assessed IPT effects on infant growth without known TB exposure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The infant TB Infection Prevention Study (iTIPS) trial was a non-blinded RCT among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants in Kenya. Inclusion criteria included age 6\u201310 weeks, birthweight \u22652.5 kg, and gestation \u226537 weeks. Infants in the IPT arm received 10 mg\/kg isoniazid daily for 12 months, while the control trial received no intervention; post-trial observational follow-up continued through 24 months of age. We used intent-to-treat linear mixed-effects models to compare growth rates (weight-for-age z-score [WAZ] and height-for-age z-score [HAZ]) between trial arms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 298 infants, 150 were randomized to IPT, 47.6% were females, median birthweight was 3.4 kg (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0\u20133.7), and 98.3% were breastfed. During the 12-month intervention period and 12-month post-RCT follow-up, WAZ and HAZ declined significantly in all children, with more HAZ decline in male infants. There were no growth differences between trial arms, including in sex-stratified analyses. In longitudinal linear analysis, mean WAZ (\u03b2 = 0.04 [95% CI:-0.14, 0.22]), HAZ (\u03b2 = 0.14 [95% CI:-0.06, 0.34]), and WHZ [\u03b2 = -0.07 [95% CI:-0.26, 0.11]) z-scores were similar between arms as were WAZ and HAZ growth trajectories. Infants randomized to IPT had higher monthly WHZ increase (\u03b2 to 24 months 0.02 [95% CI:0.01, 0.04]) than the no-IPT arm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>IPT administered to HEU infants did not significantly impact growth outcomes in the first two years of life.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T17:34:11Z","timestamp":1723829651000},"page":"e0293708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isoniazid preventive therapy during infancy does not adversely affect growth among HIV-exposed uninfected children: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3111-5025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashenafi Shumey","family":"Cherkos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia M.","family":"LaCourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Enquobahrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn N.","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerphason","family":"Mecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Matemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Iribarren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-1573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grace","family":"John-Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293708.ref001","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Infants and Children.","volume":"5","author":"GS Lamb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr [Internet]."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293708.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1008049","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Children.","volume":"367","author":"CM Perez-Velez","year":"2012","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0293708.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30157-9","article-title":"Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children.","volume":"19","author":"R Basu Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293708.ref004","first-page":"392","article-title":"The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: A critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era","volume":"8","author":"BJ Marais","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"pone.0293708.ref005","first-page":"153","article-title":"Epidemiology and disease burden of tuberculosis in children: A global perspective [Internet].","author":"JA Seddon","year":"2014","journal-title":"7, Infection and Drug Resistance."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293708.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intrathoracic tuberculosis in children","volume":"91","author":"BJ Marais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed [Internet]."},{"issue":"10228","key":"pone.0293708.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30166-5","article-title":"The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis","volume":"395","author":"L Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet [Internet]."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293708.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001062","article-title":"Tuberculosis Infection in Early Childhood and the Association with HIV-exposure in HIV-uninfected Children in Rural Uganda.","volume":"35","author":"C Marquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"pone.0293708.ref009","unstructured":"WHO. 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