{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T11:46:34Z","timestamp":1792237594638,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mental disorders among adolescents represent a high burden and early onset. They compromise their physical health, survival, and future potential. On the other hand, young people have inadequate access to essential health services in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to review school-based psychological interventions, contents, delivery, and evidence of effectiveness designed to treat depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress symptoms among adolescents and young adults aged 10\u201324.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We searched articles on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct from 17\/10\/2022 to 30\/12\/2022. Furthermore, relevant studies were searched from advanced google scholar, google and identified reference lists. We used MeSH browser for key words: psychological interventions, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder and lists of Sub-Saharan Africa countries. We combined words using standard Boolean operators (OR, AND). The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s risk of bias tool and the results were presented as a narrative synthesis since the interventions were very heterogenous.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included for systematic review and more than half (57.14%) were from Kenya and Nigeria. Common school-based psychological interventions were cognitive behavioral therapy and Shamiri interventions (an intervention that focuses on youths to cultivate a growth mindset, practice gratitude and take the value). More than half (57.14%) of the interventions were delivered by non-specialists like teachers, lay providers and community health workers. Nearly one-fifth of the interventions were used individual modality. School-based psychological interventions provided by non-specialists also produced a greater reduction in adolescents\u2019 depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms compared to the control groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cognitive behavioral therapy and Shamiri interventions were the common treatment delivered in school settings. The range of interventions could be effectively delivered by non- professionals that promote task-shifting of psychological interventions from very scarce mental health specialists in these countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Trial Registration: Prospero<\/jats:bold> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022378372\" xlink:type=\"simple\">CRD42022378372<\/jats:ext-link>. <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022378372\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022378372<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T18:33:40Z","timestamp":1700505220000},"page":"e0293988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effectiveness of school-based psychological interventions for the treatment of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-1337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minale","family":"Tareke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biksegn","family":"Asrat Yirdaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebaw","family":"Gebeyehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizu","family":"Gelaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telake","family":"Azale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9569","key":"pone.0293988.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60368-7","article-title":"Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge","volume":"369","author":"V Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293988.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","author":"GMD Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293988.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","article-title":"The age of adolescence","volume":"2","author":"SM Sawyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"9783","key":"pone.0293988.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60512-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease in young people aged 10\u201324 years: a systematic analysis","volume":"377","author":"FM Gore","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0293988.ref005","unstructured":"WHO. 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