{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:54:18Z","timestamp":1791863658944,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Military Infectious Disease Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Infectious diarrhea is a World Health Organization public health priority area due to the lack of effective vaccines and an accelerating global antimicrobial resistance crisis. New strategies are urgently needed such as immunoprophylactic for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) is an established and effective prophylactic for infectious diarrhea. The commercial HBC product, Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (Immuron Ltd, Australia) targets multiple strains of enterotoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ETEC) is highly effective in preventing diarrhea in human clinical studies. Although Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    targets ETEC, preliminary studies suggested cross-reactivity with other Gram-negative enteric pathogens including\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. For this study we selected an invasive diarrheal\/dysentery-causing enteric pathogen,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to evaluate the effectiveness of Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , both\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here we demonstrate broad cross-reactivity of Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    with all four\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>boydii)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and important virulence factor\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigens. Na\u00efve juvenile rhesus macaques (NJRM) were randomized, 8 dosed with Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 4 with a placebo intragastrically twice daily over 6 days. All NJRM were challenged with\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    2a strain 2457T on the 4\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    day of treatment and monitored for diarrheal symptoms. All placebo-treated NJRM displayed acute dysentery symptoms within 24\u201336 hours of challenge. Two Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    -treated NJRM displayed dysentery symptoms and six animals remained healthy and symptom-free post challenge; resulting in 75% efficacy of prevention of shigellosis (p = 0.014). These results strongly indicate that Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    is functionally cross-reactive and an effective prophylactic for shigellosis. This has positive implications for the prophylactic use of Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    for protection against both ETEC and\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . diarrheal infections. Future refinement and expansion of pathogens recognized by HBC including Travelan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    could revolutionize current management of gastrointestinal infections and outbreaks in travelers\u2019 including military, peacekeepers, humanitarian workers and in populations living in endemic regions of the world.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T13:27:15Z","timestamp":1702474035000},"page":"e0294021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bioactivity and efficacy of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum product- Travelan, against shigellosis in a non-Human primate model (Macaca mulatta)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-2148","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dilara","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattaya","family":"Ruamsap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawiwan","family":"Imerbsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patchariya","family":"Khanijou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriphan","family":"Gonwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"McVeigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric M.","family":"Poly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett E.","family":"Swierczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-5694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee 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