{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:23:36Z","timestamp":1788909816840,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention","award":["WD-bk-23-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WD-bk-23-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Riemerella (R<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>) anatipestifer<\/jats:italic> poses a significant threat to ducks, resulting in mortality rates ranging from 5\u201375%. This disease is highly infectious and economically consequential for domestic ducks. Although other avian species, such as chickens, also display susceptibility, the impact is comparatively less severe than in ducks. IL-17A has a pronounced correlation with <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic> infection in ducks, which is less in chickens. This study performed an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> transcriptome analysis using chicken splenic lymphocytes collected at 4-, 8-, and 24-hour intervals following <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic> stimulation. The primary objective was to discern the differentially expressed genes, with a specific focus on IL-17A and IL-17F expression. Moreover, an association between specific miRNAs with NOS2 and CCL5 was identified. The manifestation of riemerellosis in chickens was linked to heightened expression of Th1- and Th2-associated cells, while Th17 cells exhibited minimal involvement. This study elucidated the mechanism behind the absence of a Th17 immune response, shedding light on its role throughout disease progression. Additionally, through small RNA sequencing, we identified a connection between miRNAs, specifically miR-456-3p and miR-16-5p, and their respective target genes NOS2 and CCL5. These miRNAs are potential regulators of the inflammatory process during riemerellosis in chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T18:26:15Z","timestamp":1699295175000},"page":"e0294031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Promotion of Th1 and Th2 responses over Th17 in Riemerella anatipestifer stimulation in chicken splenocytes: Correlation of gga-miR-456-3p and gga-miR-16-5p with NOS2 and CCL5 expression"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Paula Leona T.","family":"Cammayo-Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle A.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Gail M.","family":"Villavicencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Yun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-6787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woo H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2437-7366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wongi","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0294031.ref001","first-page":"65","article-title":"Riemerella anatipestifer infection in chickens.","volume":"31","author":"JX Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0294031.ref002","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Diseases of Poultry 13th","author":"JA Ruiz","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0294031.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450903349220","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Riemerella anatipestifer in turkeys after experimental mono-infection via respiratory routes or dual infection together with the avian metapneumovirus","volume":"38","author":"D Rubbenstroth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0294031.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.770127","article-title":"Gene expression responses to Riemerella anatipestifer infection in the liver of ducks","volume":"42","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0294031.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.05.009","article-title":"Upregulation of duck interleukin-17A during Riemerella anatipestifer infection","volume":"63","author":"CP Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. 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