{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:12:41Z","timestamp":1790107961418,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dysbiotic biliary bacterial profile is reported in cancer patients and is associated with survival and comorbidities, raising the question of its effect on the influence of anticancer drugs and, recently, the suggestion of perichemotherapy antibiotics in pancreatic cancer patients colonized by the <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, we investigated the microbial communities that colonize tumours and which bacteria could aid in diagnosing pancreatic and biliary cancer and managing bile-colonized patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective study on positive bile cultures of 145 Italian patients who underwent cholangiopancreatography with PC and EPC cancer hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2020 in a QA-certified academic surgical unit were investigated for aerobic\/facultative-anaerobic bacteria and fungal organisms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We found that among Gram-negative bacteria, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp were the most frequent in the EPC group, while <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp, and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp were the most frequent in the PC group. <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp was the most frequent Gram-positive bacteria in both groups. Comparing the EPC and PC, we found a significant presence of patients with greater age in the PC compared to the EPC group. Regarding <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp, we found no significant but greater rate in the PC group compared to the EPC group (11.7% vs 1.96%). We found that <jats:italic>Alcaligenes faecalis<\/jats:italic> was the most frequent bacteria in EPC than the PC group, among Gram-negative bacterial species.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Age differences in gut microbiota composition may affect biliary habitats in our cancer population, especially in patients with pancreatic cancer. <jats:italic>Alcaligenes faecalis<\/jats:italic> isolated in the culture of bile samples could represent potential microbial markers for a restricted follow-up to early diagnosis of extra-pancreatic cancer. Finally, the prevalence of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp in pancreatic cancer seems to trigger new aspects about debate about the role of fungal microbiota into their relationship with pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T18:30:32Z","timestamp":1708540232000},"page":"e0294049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Microbial profile in bile from pancreatic and extra-pancreatic biliary tract cancer"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8086-6362","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicola","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa Maria Assunta","family":"Fasciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Giammanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"D\u2019Arpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Santa","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lucchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2779-7879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Consolato Maria","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294049.ref001","first-page":"73","article-title":"MiR-126 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocellular Carcinoma: A Reappraisal with an in situ Detection of miR-126.","volume":"52","author":"SA Zailaie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci."},{"key":"pone.0294049.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.36255\/exonpublications.livercancer.2021.ch5","article-title":"Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Liver Tumors","volume-title":"Liver Cancer","author":"E Lachance","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294049.ref003","first-page":"e25805","article-title":"Incidental Gallbladder Neoplasms: A Growing Global Burden.","volume":"14","author":"N Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294049.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000449493","article-title":"Current Status on Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer.","volume":"6","author":"T Ebata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"44","key":"pone.0294049.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9694","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i44.9694","article-title":"Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer","volume":"22","author":"M Ilic","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0294049.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.014","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges","volume":"186","author":"C. 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