{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T10:25:22Z","timestamp":1792491922561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modern contraceptive use is important for improving health and socioeconomic outcomes, but Ethiopia is among the lowest-using countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors affecting modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This population-based cross-sectional study used data obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 8,885 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. A weighted generalized estimating equation approach was used to account for the clustering and weighting effects in the assessment of associations between modern contraceptive usage and socioeconomic and demographic variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia is low (28%). Prevalence is highest among women aged 25-34 (40.11%), with higher education (30.97%), who are Orthodox Christians (31.67%), married (40.40%), middle wealth index (31.70%), female-headed households (31.42%), with 1-3 living children (44.85%), who headed by under 31 years old (40.07%), and in the Amhara region (34.45%). In the generalized estimating equation analysis, women aged 35-44 and over 45, Muslims, households heads aged 41-50 and over 50, and in female-headed households were less likely to use modern contraceptives, while women with primary, secondary, and higher education, married, middle and rich wealth index, and with 1-3 and more living children were more likely to use modern contraceptive than their counterparts (reference group) and were statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modern contraceptive use is notably low among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Factors such as age, women\u2019s educational level, religion, marital status, number of living children, wealth status, gender and age of household head, and region were identified as significant factors associated with modern contraceptive use. Therefore, to increase modern contraceptive use, governmental and non-governmental organizations should invest in women\u2019s education and financial empowerment and raise awareness about the benefits of modern contraceptives, especially among older, unmarried, financially poor, elderly-led households, with few living children, and uneducated women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T18:26:35Z","timestamp":1700159195000},"page":"e0294444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Factors affecting utilization of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-6054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kassu Mehari","family":"Beyene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Abera","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meseret Kassahun","family":"Abu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0294444.ref001","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World fertility and family planning 2020: Highlights. (ST\/ESA\/SERA\/440) 2020;."},{"key":"pone.0294444.ref002","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Contraceptive Use by Method 2019: Data Booklet. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0294444.ref003","volume-title":"Adding it up: Investing in sexual and reproductive health in the african union","author":"Guttmacher Institute","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0294444.ref004","unstructured":"Guttmacher Institute. Adding it up: Investing in contraception and maternal and newborn health in ethiopia, 2018, 2018. https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/fact-sheet\/adding-it-up-contraception-mnh-ethiopia."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294444.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0262431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262431","article-title":"Four out of ten married women utilized modern contraceptive method in ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of the 2019 ethiopia mini demographic and health survey","volume":"17","author":"SS Shagaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294444.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0247992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247992","article-title":"Pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in east africa: A multi-country analysis of recent demographic and health surveys","volume":"16","author":"ZT Tessema","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS 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