{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:20:09Z","timestamp":1747196409481,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002642","name":"Korea University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K2208351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2208351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korea Medical Device Development","award":["1711137942, KMDF_PR_20200901_0026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1711137942, KMDF_PR_20200901_0026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate variation in reflectivity of choroidal layers in normal eyes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From the swept-source optical coherence tomography database, we retrospectively included eyes with a normal fundus. Choroidal reflectivity was measured on the horizontal and vertical B-scan optical coherence tomography images. The optical barrier of the choroid was defined as the first hill in the middle of the reflectance graph from the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch\u2019s membrane complex to the chorioscleral junction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The optical barrier of the choroid was identified in 91 eyes of 91 individuals. The amplitude of peak reflectivity of the optical barrier of the choroid at macular center (142.85 \u00b1 15.04) was greater than those in superior (136.12 \u00b1 14.08) or inferior macula (135.30 \u00b1 16.13) (P = 0.028, P = 0.008, respectively). Latency between the peak of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch\u2019s membrane complex and the optical barrier of the choroid at macular center (48.11 \u00b1 13.78 \u03bcm) was shorter than those in nasal macula (55.58 \u00b1 19.21 \u03bcm) (P = 0.021). The amplitude of the peak reflectivity of the optical barrier of the choroid in the center negatively correlated with the latency between the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch\u2019s membrane complex and the optical barrier of the choroid (P &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An optical barrier exists in the inner choroid of the normal eye. Its depth depends on the location within the macula. Further studies are mandatory to evaluate variations in the barrier in the eyes with chorioretinal disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T18:33:00Z","timestamp":1701282780000},"page":"e0294476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantification of choroidal hyperreflective layer: A swept-source optical coherence tomography study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"So Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariunaa","family":"Togloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1036-6562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaeryung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0294476.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.023","article-title":"Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the IN*OCT consensus","volume":"121","author":"G Staurenghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref002","first-page":"59","article-title":"Principle and Technical RealizationHigh Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology: New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics.","author":"S Aumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cham (CH)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294476.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32835f8bf8","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography\u2014current and future applications.","volume":"24","author":"M Adhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0294476.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200007000-00009","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography: an introduction to the technique and its use.","volume":"77","author":"P Hrynchak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294476.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-022-00902-7","article-title":"Choroidal imaging using optical coherence tomography: techniques and interpretations","volume":"66","author":"T. Sekiryu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783519","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.783519","article-title":"Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness Using Optical Coherent Tomography: A Review.","volume":"8","author":"R Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294476.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05469-6","article-title":"Hyperreflective foci in the choroid of normal eyes","volume":"260","author":"YH Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0294476.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.9.27","article-title":"Correlation Between Hyperreflective Foci in the Choroid and Choroidal Discoloration in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease","volume":"63","author":"YH Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797428","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.797428","article-title":"Choroidal Thickness Profile in Chorioretinal Diseases: Beyond the Macula.","volume":"8","author":"YH Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294476.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2021.0081","article-title":"Factors Associated with Macular Staphyloma Area on Ultra-widefield Fundus Images.","volume":"36","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0294476.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5764","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20070","article-title":"Effect of Uveal Melanocytes on Choroidal Morphology in Rhesus Macaques and Humans on Enhanced-Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"57","author":"G Yiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110408","article-title":"Impact of melanin on choroidal measurements.","volume":"146","author":"R Venkatesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0294476.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The multifunctional choroid.","volume":"29","author":"DL Nickla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294476.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24577-8","article-title":"Quantitative shadow compensated optical coherence tomography of choroidal vasculature.","volume":"8","author":"KK Vupparaboina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294476.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25018","article-title":"Changes in Stromal and Luminal Areas of the Choroid in Pachychoroid Diseases: Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Pachychoroid Diseases","volume":"59","author":"M Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0294476.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000998","article-title":"CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY: Assessment of Haller and Sattler Layers.","volume":"36","author":"YR Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294476.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5168","article-title":"Comparison of retinal and choriocapillaris thicknesses following sitting to supine transition in healthy individuals and patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"133","author":"DR Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref018","article-title":"Thickness of retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch\u2019s membrane complex in adult Chinese using optical coherence tomography.","author":"L Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)."},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100997","article-title":"Choriocapillaris: Fundamentals and advancements.","volume":"87","author":"R Lejoyeux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294476.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2004","article-title":"The retinal pigment epithelium in visual function","volume":"85","author":"O. Strauss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0294476.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-018-0124-5","article-title":"Imaging retinal melanin: a review of current technologies.","volume":"12","author":"M Lapierre-Landry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0294476.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318227aa33","article-title":"Hyperreflective external limiting membranes after successful macular hole surgery","volume":"32","author":"IK Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294476.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07818-9","article-title":"Evaluation of choroidal melanin-containing tissue in healthy Japanese subjects by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.","volume":"12","author":"M Miura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T18:33:19Z","timestamp":1701282799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294476"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel Duck-Jin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}}}