{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:51:53Z","timestamp":1777967513931,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010771","name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2814HS008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2814HS008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>is one of the economically most important endoparasites in cattle production. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relevance of production level on the associations of on-farm presence of<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>with farm-level milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein in Holstein cows, a specialised dairy breed, and in Simmental cows, a dual purpose breed. Furthermore, we investigated whether differential associations were present depending on breed. Data from 560 dairy farms across Germany housing 93,672 cows were analysed. The presence of<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>antibodies was determined via ELISA on bulk tank milk samples. Quantile regression was applied to model the median difference in milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein depending on the interaction of breed and fluke occurrence. Whereas a reduction in milk yield (-1,206 kg, p &lt; 0.001), milk fat (-22.9 kg, p = 0.001), and milk protein (-41.6 kg, p &lt;0.001) was evident on<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>positive German Holstein farms, only milk fat (-33.8 kg, p = 0.01) and milk protein (-22.6 kg, p = 0.03) were affected on<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>positive German Simmental farms. Subsequently, production traits were modelled within each of the two breeds for low, medium, and high producing farms in the presence of<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>antibodies and of confounders. On Holstein farms, the presence of<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>seropositivity was associated with lower production, while on German Simmental farms such an association was less evident. This work demonstrates that production level is relevant when assessing the associations between the exposure to<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>with production characteristics. Moreover, both models indicate a breed dependence. This could point towards a differential<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>resilience of specialised dairy breeds in comparison with dual purpose breeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T18:29:20Z","timestamp":1700245760000},"page":"e0294601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations of production characteristics with the on-farm presence of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cows vary across production levels and indicate differences between breeds"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-8541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas 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