{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:04:27Z","timestamp":1777986267228,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANID-0772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID-0772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as a natural experiment to test how bed occupancy affects post-intensive care unit (ICU) patient\u2019s functional outcomes. To compare by bed occupancy the frequency of mental, physical, and cognitive impairments in patients admitted to ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective cohort of adults mechanically ventilated &gt;48 hours in 19 ICUs from seven Chilean public and private hospitals. Ninety percent of nationwide beds occupied was the cut-off for low versus high bed occupancy. At ICU discharge, 3- and 6-month follow-up, we assessed disability using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quality of life, mental, physical, and cognitive outcomes were also evaluated following the core outcome set for acute respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We enrolled 252 participants, 103 (41%) during low and 149 (59%) during high bed occupancy. Patients treated during high occupancy were younger (P<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> [P<jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>-P<jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>]: 55 [44\u201363] vs 61 [51\u201371]; p&lt;0.001), more likely to be admitted due to COVID-19 (126 [85%] vs 65 [63%]; p&lt;0.001), and have higher education qualification (94 [63%] vs 48 [47%]; p = 0.03). No differences were found in the frequency of at least one mental, physical or cognitive impairment by bed occupancy at ICU discharge (low vs high: 93% vs 91%; p = 0.6), 3-month (74% vs 63%; p = 0.2) and 6-month (57% vs 57%; p = 0.9) follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were no differences in post-ICU outcomes between high and low bed occupancy. Most patients (&gt;90%) had at least one mental, physical or cognitive impairment at ICU discharge, which remained high at 6-month follow-up (57%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04979897\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT04979897<\/jats:ext-link> (clinicaltrials.gov).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T18:45:35Z","timestamp":1700160335000},"page":"e0294631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Six-month post-intensive care outcomes during high and low bed occupancy due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-4325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Castro-Avila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Merino-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9099-2389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Seguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Camus-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8663-1182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaime","family":"Leppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the IMPACCT COVID-19 study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0294631.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75","article-title":"Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive care unit: report from a stakeholders\u2019 conference","volume":"40","author":"DM Needham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0294631.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003218","article-title":"Co-Occurrence of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Problems Among 406 Survivors of Critical Illness","volume":"46","author":"A Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294631.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.415","article-title":"Post\u2010intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions","volume":"6","author":"S Inoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294631.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11929-8","article-title":"Prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"K Nanwani-Nanwani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294631.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03794-0","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 critical illness on new disability, functional outcomes and return to work at 6 months: a prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"CL Hodgson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294631.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30161-2","article-title":"Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations","volume":"8","author":"J Phua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"pone.0294631.ref007","unstructured":"National Guideline Centre (UK). 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