{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T16:09:56Z","timestamp":1793290196277,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KEP-8-137-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEP-8-137-41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid urbanization and population growth have increased the need for optimizing the location of health services in highly urbanized countries like Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study employs a multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, e.g., fuzzy overlay technique by combining the P-Median location-allocation model, for optimizing health services. First, a geodatabase, containing public hospitals, road networks and population districts, was prepared. Next, we investigated the location and services of five public hospitals in Jeddah city of KSA, by using a MCDM model that included a fuzzy overlay technique with a location-allocation model. The results showed that the allocated five hospitals served 94 out of 110 districts in the study area. Our results suggested additional hospitals must be added to ensure that the entire city is covered with timely hospital services. To improve the existing situation, we prioritized demand locations using the maximize coverage (MC) location problem model. We then used the P-Median function to find the optimal locations of hospitals, and then combined these two methods to create the MC-P-Median optimizer. This optimizer eliminated any unallocated or redundant information. Health planners can use this model to determine the best locations for public hospitals in Jeddah city and similar settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T14:31:34Z","timestamp":1704205894000},"page":"e0294819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Optimizing health service location in a highly urbanized city: Multi criteria decision making and P-Median problem models for public hospitals in Jeddah City, KSA"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-5062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulkader","family":"Murad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazlay","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Qurnfulah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahfuzur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Dewan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2019","key":"pone.0294819.ref001","first-page":"100658","article-title":"Understanding how low-income communities gain access to healthcare services: A qualitative study in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Thiago Guimar\u00e3es","journal-title":"Journal of Transport & Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294819.ref002","first-page":"111","article-title":"Analysis of Spatial Accessibility and Capacity of Multi-Level Healthcare Facilities in Greater Irbid Municipality","volume":"17","author":"A. 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