{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:53:14Z","timestamp":1793199194088,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT MEXICO","award":["CB2016-285419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB2016-285419"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. To combat this disease, novel and specialized therapeutic systems are urgently needed. This is the first study to explore a system that combines shark variable domain (Fv) of new antigen receptor (VNAR) antibodies (hereinafter VNARs), PEGylated nanogels (pH-sensitive poly(\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, PDEAEM), and the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to explore its potential applications in colon cancer therapies. Nanogels were functionalized in a scalable reaction with an\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-terminated polyethylene glycol derivative and bioconjugated with shark antibodies. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated the presence of monodispersed nanogels (74 to 236 nm). All systems maintained the pH-sensitive capacity to increase in size as pH decreased. This has direct implications for the release kinetics of 5-FU, which was released faster at pH 5 than at pH 7.4. After bioconjugation, the ELISA results indicated VNAR presence and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) recognition.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    evaluations of HCT-116 colon cancer cells indicated that functionalized empty nanogels are not cytotoxic and when loaded with 5-FU, the cytotoxic effect of the drug is preserved. A 15% reduction in cell viability was observed after two hours of contact with bioconjugated nanogels when compared to what was observed with non-bioconjugated nanogels. The prepared nanogel system shows potential as an effective and site-specific nanocarrier with promising applications in\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies of colon cancer therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T13:56:45Z","timestamp":1705672605000},"page":"e0294874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Preparation of pH-sensitive nanogels bioconjugated with shark antibodies (VNAR) for targeted drug delivery with potential applications in colon cancer therapies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lizbeth A.","family":"Manzanares-Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahaziel","family":"Gasperin-Bulbarela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Cabanillas-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monserrat","family":"Renteria-Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Licea-Claverie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio R.","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-7405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexei F.","family":"Licea-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0294874.ref001","first-page":"158","article-title":"Technological Evolution in the Development of Therapeutic Antibodies","volume":"67","author":"O.R. 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