{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:51:13Z","timestamp":1784613073773,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Indigenous women are vulnerable to cervical cancer. Screening is a strategy to reduce the burden of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence profile of cervical cancer screening cytological results in Brazilian indigenous women by age and frequency of tests compared to non-indigenous women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study evaluating the prevalences of screening test results in indigenous women assisted in the Brazilian Amazon from 2007 to 2019 (3,231 tests), compared to non-indigenous women (698,415 tests). The main outcome was the cytological result. Other variables were frequency, age groups, and population. The frequency was categorized as \"1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>test\", the first test performed by the women in their lifetime, or \"screening test,\" tests from women who had previously participated in screening. Analyzes were based on prevalences by age group and population. We used Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals for risks and linear regression for trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>test showed a higher prevalence of Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) in indigenous women. Peaks were observed in indigenous under 25, 35 to 39, 45 to 49, and 60 to 64. The prevalence of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion or more severe (HSIL+) was low in both groups in women younger than 25. The indigenous HSIL+ prevalence curve showed a rapid increase, reaching peaks in women from 25 to 34 years, following a slight decrease and a plateau. In screening tests, HSIL+ was more prevalent in indigenous from 25 to 39 (PR 4.0,2.3;6.8) and 40 to 64 (PR 3.8,1.6;9.0). In indigenous, the PR of HSIL+ results in screening tests over 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>tests showed no screening effect in all age groups. In non-indigenous, there was a significant effect toward protection in the age groups over 25.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This screening study of indigenous women from diverse ethnicities showed a higher prevalence of cytological LSIL and HSIl+ than in non-indigenous women. The protective screening effect in reducing HSIL+ prevalence was not observed in indigenous.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T18:33:35Z","timestamp":1702060415000},"page":"e0294956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cervical cancer screening in Brazilian Amazon Indigenous women: Towards the intensification of public policies for prevention"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6019-3229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iria Ribeiro","family":"Novais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5823-3278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camila Olegario","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helymar Costa","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4335-0337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Surita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos","family":"Zeferino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-0225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diama Bhadra","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0294956.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082016AO3754","article-title":"Disparities in cancer epidemiology and care delivery among Brazilian indigenous populations","volume":"14","author":"PN Aguiar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)."},{"key":"pone.0294956.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133635","article-title":"HPV Infection and Cervical Screening in Socially Isolated Indigenous Women Inhabitants of the Amazonian Rainforest.","volume":"10","author":"AJ Fonseca","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0294956.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-4-S1-S7","article-title":"Ethnicity and cancer in Guyana, South America.","volume":"41","author":"WS Best Plummer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer."},{"key":"pone.0294956.ref004","first-page":"e00143818","article-title":"Silva IF da[Cancer mortality among indigenous population in Acre State, Brazil].","volume":"35","author":"SO Borges MF de","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica."},{"key":"pone.0294956.ref005","first-page":"512","article-title":"Cytopathological screening in indigenous women from Parque Indigena do Xingu.","volume":"30","author":"NM de Gois Speck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0294956.ref006","first-page":"445","article-title":"Schmitz M de JM& P. 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