{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:18Z","timestamp":1787022138256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["290414-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["290414-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["290414-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["290414-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["290414-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["290414-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["290414-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["290414-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["290414-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["290414-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association of maternal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with the risk of system-specific congenital malformations in offspring remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine this association and the risk difference between these two types of inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was performed from January 2000 to May 2023 using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Cohort and case-control studies that assess the association of maternal exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs with the risk of congenital abnormalities were eligible for the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one cohort studies and seven case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to non-exposure, maternal exposure to SNRIs is associated with a higher risk of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities (pooled OR: 1.64 with 95% CI: 1.36, 1.97), anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (pooled OR: 1.63 with 95% CI: 1.21, 2.20), malformations of nervous system (pooled OR: 2.28 with 95% CI: 1.50, 3.45), anomalies of digestive system (pooled OR: 2.05 with 95% CI: 1.60, 2.64) and abdominal birth defects (pooled OR: 2.91 with 95%CI: 1.98, 4.28), while maternal exposure to SSRIs is associated with a higher risk of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities (pooled OR: 1.25 with 95%CI: 1.20, 1.30), anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (pooled OR: 1.14 with 95%CI: 1.02, 1.27), anomalies of digestive system (pooled OR: 1.11 with 95%CI: 1.01, 1.21), abdominal birth defects (pooled OR: 1.33 with 95%CI: 1.16, 1.53) and musculoskeletal malformations (pooled OR: 1.44 with 95%CI: 1.32, 1.56).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSRIs and SNRIs have various teratogenic risks. Clinicians must consider risk-benefit ratios and patient history when prescribing medicines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T13:30:10Z","timestamp":1701264610000},"page":"e0294996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs and the risk of congenital abnormalities in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7992-3005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7223-412X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin L.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9206-0435","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Theresa","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-0779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alva O.","family":"Ferdinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiran","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infant mortality in the United States, 2020: data from the period linked birth\/infant death file","volume":"71","author":"DM Ely","year":"2022","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics Reports: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0294996.ref002","article-title":"COVID and Mental Health in America","volume":"17","author":"A Bryson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.19054","article-title":"Perinatal depression: A review","volume":"87","author":"MS Van Niel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113912","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis","volume":"300","author":"LM Tomfohr-Madsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry research"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-01027-x","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis considering the risk for congenital heart defects of antidepressant classes and individual antidepressants","volume":"44","author":"C De Vries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Safety"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.12.014","article-title":"The international prevalence of antidepressant use before, during, and after pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of timing, type of prescriptions and geographical variability","volume":"264","author":"NM Molenaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(99)00030-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of psychiatric disorders","volume":"9","author":"DJ Nutt","year":"1999","journal-title":"European neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0294996.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.08.025","article-title":"Inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and inhibition of phosphodiesterase by multi-target inhibitors as potential agents for depression","volume":"17","author":"JR Cashman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294996.ref009","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Presence of a 5-HT7 receptor positively coupled to adenylate cyclase activation in human granulosa-lutein cells","volume":"85","author":"C Graveleau","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:24:2:155","article-title":"Serotonin may alter the pattern of gonadotropin-induced progesterone release of human granulosa cells in superfusion system","volume":"24","author":"M Koppan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.031","article-title":"Noradrenaline effects on social behaviour, intergroup relations, and moral decisions","volume":"66","author":"S Terbeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0818-x","article-title":"Norepinephrine: a neuromodulator that boosts the function of multiple cell types to optimize CNS performance","volume":"37","author":"J O\u2019Donnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochemical research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0294996.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004538","article-title":"Associations between maternal depression, antidepressant use during pregnancy, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"R Vlenterie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294996.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13367","article-title":"Neonatal outcome and adaption after in utero exposure to antidepressants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"A Kautzky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0294996.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4033","article-title":"Individual-based versus aggregate meta-analysis in multi-database studies of pregnancy outcomes: the Nordic example of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine in pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"R Selmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294996.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000701","article-title":"Cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and mortality events in new users of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: a propensity score-matched population-based study","volume":"37","author":"C Leong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of clinical psychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0231-5","article-title":"Serotonin\u2013norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and risk of fractures: a new-user cohort study among US adults aged 50 years and older","volume":"29","author":"A Lanteigne","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294996.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during early pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of more than 9 million births","volume":"16","author":"SY Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC medicine"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref019","unstructured":"Wells G, Shea B, O\u2019connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in metaanalyses. 2012. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. L\u2019Hopital d\u2019Ottawa Institut de Recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 2014;."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294996.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Controlled clinical trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0294996.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in medicine"},{"issue":"7109","key":"pone.0294996.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0294996.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot\u2013based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"S Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0294996.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003851","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003851","article-title":"Exposure to duloxetine during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations and stillbirth: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark and Sweden","volume":"18","author":"MZ Ankarfeldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294996.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16772","article-title":"Antidepressant use in pregnancy and severe cardiac malformations: danish register-based study","volume":"128","author":"L Kolding","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294996.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2453","article-title":"Maternal use of specific antidepressant medications during early pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects","volume":"77","author":"KN Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref027","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes following exposure to duloxetine in pregnancy: cohort study","volume":"368","author":"KF Huybrechts","year":"2020","journal-title":"bmj"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12386","article-title":"Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and congenital anomalies in children: A retrospective cohort study based on Japanese claims data","volume":"60","author":"M Yamamoto-Sasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Congenital Anomalies"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000860","article-title":"Gastroschisis and cumulative stressor exposures","volume":"29","author":"MM Werler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0667-4","article-title":"Maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy is associated with Hirschsprung\u2019s disease in newborns\u2013a nationwide cohort study","volume":"12","author":"SW Nielsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet journal of rare diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294996.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12202","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of major congenital anomalies for pregnancies in Japan: A nationwide birth cohort study of the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study","volume":"57","author":"H Nishigori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Congenital Anomalies"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294996.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19174","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09241","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and congenital heart anomalies: comparative cohort studies of women treated before and during pregnancy and their children","volume":"77","author":"I Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294996.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0165122","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165122","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants in pregnancy and congenital anomalies: analysis of linked databases in Wales, Norway and Funen, Denmark","volume":"11","author":"S Jordan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.034","article-title":"Sertraline use during pregnancy and the risk of major malformations","volume":"212","author":"A B\u00e9rard","year":"2015","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1798","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine in early pregnancy and risk of birth defects: population based cohort study and sibling design","volume":"350","author":"K Furu","year":"2015","journal-title":"bmj"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0294996.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312828","article-title":"Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects","volume":"370","author":"KF Huybrechts","year":"2014","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294996.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12682","article-title":"Maternal depression, antidepressant prescriptions, and congenital anomaly risk in offspring: a population-based cohort study","volume":"121","author":"L Ban","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-333","article-title":"Increased risk of severe congenital heart defects in offspring exposed to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in early pregnancy\u2013an epidemiological study using validated EUROCAT data","volume":"14","author":"TM Knudsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000157","article-title":"Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and the risk of clubfoot","volume":"25","author":"MM Yazdy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0294996.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1211","article-title":"Antidepressant use during early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies","volume":"33","author":"C Vasilakis-Scaramozza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0294996.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3462","article-title":"Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and cardiac malformations: a propensity-score matched cohort in CPRD","volume":"22","author":"AV Margulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3448","article-title":"National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Maternal medication and herbal use and risk for hypospadias: data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997\u20132007","volume":"22","author":"J Lind","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294996.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23096","article-title":"National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Association between reported venlafaxine use in early pregnancy and birth defects, national birth defects prevention study, 1997-2007","volume":"97","author":"K Polen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0294996.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182490eaf","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome after exposure to antidepressants and the role of maternal depression: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study","volume":"32","author":"H Nordeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of clinical psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294996.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318220edcc","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for major congenital anomalies","volume":"118","author":"H Malm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S9256","article-title":"Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors during early pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: updated analysis","author":"JB Kornum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3569","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and congenital malformations: population based cohort study","volume":"339","author":"LH Pedersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0294996.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20615","article-title":"Are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cardiac teratogens? Echocardiographic screening of newborns with persistent heart murmur","volume":"85","author":"P Merlob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03261.x","article-title":"Paroxetine and fluoxetine in pregnancy: a prospective, multicentre, controlled, observational study","volume":"66","author":"O Diav-Citrin","year":"2008","journal-title":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066584","article-title":"Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects","volume":"356","author":"S Alwan","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0294996.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067407","article-title":"First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and the risk of birth defects","volume":"356","author":"C Louik","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000239581.76793.ae","article-title":"Maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of congenital malformations","volume":"17","author":"P Wogelius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.012","article-title":"Citalopram use in pregnancy: prospective comparative evaluation of pregnancy and fetal outcome","volume":"193","author":"A Sivojelezova","year":"2005","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.01.003","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes following maternal venlafaxine use: A prospective observational comparative cohort study","volume":"84","author":"J Richardson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0294996.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.10.1728","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to venlafaxine: a multicenter prospective controlled study","volume":"158","author":"A Einarson","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0294996.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013372","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013372","article-title":"Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort","volume":"7","author":"A B\u00e9rard","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0294996.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413492219","article-title":"Systematic meta-analysis of individual selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications and congenital malformations","volume":"47","author":"N Myles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6932","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to antidepressants and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"348","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294996.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23537","article-title":"In utero exposure to venlafaxine, a serotonin\u2013norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, increases cardiac anomalies and alters placental and heart serotonin signaling in the rat","volume":"106","author":"L Laurent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0294996.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000501","article-title":"Cardiac outcomes after perinatal sertraline exposure in mice","volume":"70","author":"SE Haskell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0294996.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.183","article-title":"Sertraline exposure leads to small left heart syndrome in adult mice","volume":"73","author":"SE Haskell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric research"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0294996.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2782","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002782","article-title":"Modulation of serotonin transporter function during fetal development causes dilated heart cardiomyopathy and lifelong behavioral abnormalities","volume":"3","author":"CW Noorlander","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00465","article-title":"The effects of antenatal depression and antidepressant treatment on placental gene expression","volume":"8","author":"JD Olivier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in cellular neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.05.003","article-title":"Paroxetine and congenital malformations: meta-analysis and consideration of potential confounding factors","volume":"29","author":"B Bar-Oz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0294996.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12849","article-title":"The risk of major cardiac malformations associated with paroxetine use during the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"A B\u00e9rard","year":"2016","journal-title":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0294996.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23323","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure alters osteoblast gene expression and craniofacial development in mice","volume":"100","author":"JJ Cray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0294996.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139719","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139719","article-title":"Effects of citalopram on sutural and calvarial cell processes","volume":"10","author":"E Durham","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.135","article-title":"Citalopram and sertraline exposure compromises embryonic bone development","volume":"21","author":"D Fraher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0294996.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-022-00541-3","article-title":"Prenatal Venlafaxine Exposure\u2013Induced Neurocytoarchitectural and Neuroapoptotic Degeneration in Striatum and Hippocampus of Developing Fetal Brain, Manifesting Long-term Neurocognitive Impairments in Rat Offspring","volume":"40","author":"K Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotoxicity Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0294996.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23062","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23062","article-title":"Impact of maternal desvenlafaxine exposure on brain development in pregnant albino rats and their fetuses","volume":"36","author":"SH Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref071","unstructured":"Prowse K. INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR EXPOSURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF THE OFFSPRING; 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0294996.ref072","first-page":"417","article-title":"Effect of maternal fluoxetine exposure on lung, heart, and kidney development in rat neonates","volume":"21","author":"RT Ghavamabadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-019-00962-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"M Zemestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of women\u2019s mental health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.0702","article-title":"Effect of Brief Interpersonal Therapy on Depression During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"80","author":"BL Hankin","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref075","first-page":"10","article-title":"Abortion Bans and Resource Utilization for Congenital Heart Disease: A Decision Analysis","author":"HE Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0294996.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.09.005","article-title":"Maternal Smoking and Congenital Heart Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011","volume":"240","author":"EH Bolin","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12882","article-title":"Maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and gastroschisis in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997\u20132011","volume":"36","author":"SC Fisher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0294996.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2152","article-title":"Maternal age and the prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 1995\u20132015: A register-based study","volume":"115","author":"C Mamasoula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Birth Defects Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0294996.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.01.006","article-title":"In an empirical evaluation of the funnel plot, researchers could not visually identify publication bias","volume":"58","author":"N Terrin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of clinical epidemiology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T13:31:12Z","timestamp":1701264672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294996"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Concerto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294996","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}}}