{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1740146915366,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017959","name":"Health Commission of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between baseline prolactin (PRL) levels and live birth rates (LBRs) in patients undergoing embryo transfer who did not have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) using a retrospective design. <jats:italic>Patient(s)<\/jats:italic>: A total of 20,877 patients who had undergone IVF\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between December 2014 and December 2019.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We examined the association between PRL concentrations and LBRs using multivariate regression analysis. In addition, a model for nonlinear relationships based on a two-part linear regression was developed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Following adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant correlation between serum PRL and LBR. Particularly, when blood PRL content was less than 14.8 ng\/mL, there exists a positive relation between serum PRL and LBRs. In contrast, once PRL concentrations surpassed the inflection point at 14.8 ng\/mL, a meaningful relationship could no longer be inferred between serum PRL and LBR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Basal serum PRL levels were segmentally connected with LBRs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T18:33:58Z","timestamp":1701282838000},"page":"e0295071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The association between serum prolactin levels and live birth rates in non-PCOS patients: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guimin","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-9629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Na","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0295071.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1523","article-title":"Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion","volume":"80","author":"ME Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0420","article-title":"Prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) and prolactin signaling: PGF(2alpha)-mediated inhibition of prolactin receptor expression in the Corpus luteum","volume":"144","author":"C. Stocco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61166-2","article-title":"Hyperprolactinaemia and the regular menstrual cycle in asymptomatic women: should it be treated during therapy for infertility.","volume":"11","author":"F. Nawroth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"S Melmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref005","first-page":"575","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia.","volume":"169","author":"O Serri","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13957","article-title":"No impact of treated hyperprolactinemia on cumulative live birth rate and perinatal outcomes in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"45","author":"Y Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1783-4","article-title":"Changes in serum prolactin level during intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and effect on clinical pregnancy rate: a prospective observational study.","volume":"18","author":"A Kamel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01135580","article-title":"Transient hyperprolactinemia has no effect on endocrine response and outcome in in vitro fertilization (IVF).","volume":"7","author":"HA Pattinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf."},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60729-X","article-title":"Luteal cytoplasmic estradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium: in vitro fertilization and normal cycles","volume":"51","author":"R Molina","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137486","article-title":"Human prolactin release induced by follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin","volume":"6","author":"PG Crosignani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2478\/v10011-011-0039-x","article-title":"Impact of Transitory Hyperprolactinemia on Clinical Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer.","volume":"31","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Biochemistry"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00584","article-title":"Mildly Higher Serum Prolactin Levels Are Directly Proportional to Cumulative Pregnancy Outcomes in in-vitro Fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles.","volume":"11","author":"D Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der037","article-title":"The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: proceedings of an expert meeting.","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.11.5479","article-title":"The different forms of the prolactin receptor in the rat corpus luteum: developmental expression and hormonal regulation in pregnancy","volume":"138","author":"C.M. 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Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.044","article-title":"Effect of prolactin in the absence of hCG on maturation, fertilization, and embryonic development of in vitro matured mouse oocytes","volume":"1092","author":"E Kiapekou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1089\/clo.2008.0046","article-title":"Effect of PRL on in vitro follicle growth, in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in mice","volume":"11","author":"E Kiapekou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cloning Stem Cells"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61793-2","article-title":"Prolactin receptor mRNA expression in oocytes and preimplantation mouse embryos","volume":"10","author":"E 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Irahara","year":"1991","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref036","first-page":"3107","article-title":"Anti-prolactin (PRL) autoantibodies cause asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia: bioassay and clearance studies of PRL-immunoglobulin G complex","volume":"82","author":"N Hattori","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.020","article-title":"Macroprolactinemia: new insights in hyperprolactinemia.","volume":"22","author":"M Kasum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167132","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/167132","article-title":"Macroprolactinemia: diagnostic, clinical, and pathogenic significance","volume":"2012","author":"A Shimatsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732490","article-title":"Prevalence of Macroprolactinemia in People Detected to Have Hyperprolactinemia.","volume":"13","author":"LK Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"pone.0295071.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00263","article-title":"The Association Between Prolactin and Metabolic Parameters in PCOS Women: A Retrospective Analysis.","volume":"11","author":"H Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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