{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:46:40Z","timestamp":1783957600568,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Hospital Limerick"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Greater than half of in-hospital maternal deaths are caused by sepsis, a condition that occurs when infection exceeds local tissue containment and results in organ dysfunction. Determining the source of infection can be challenging. Microbiological cultures of the uterine cavity are often difficult to obtain, so antimicrobial susceptibility results may not be available to guide treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the potential clinical value of microbiology samples used in the maternal \u201cseptic screen\u201d of patients in an Irish maternity hospital.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A review was completed of all maternal \u201cseptic screen\u201d (i.e., high vaginal swabs, placenta swabs, blood cultures, throat swabs and urine samples) microbiology results from July 2016 to December 2021.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the relevant period, 845 patients were subject to a \u201cseptic screen\u201d, of whom 430 also had a placental swab collected. These 430 patients comprise our study population. 2% of blood cultures yielded potential pathogens, compared with 37%, 33%, 9% and 7% respectively for placental swabs, high vaginal swabs, throat swabs and urine specimens. 95% of blood cultures were sterile, compared with 52%, 0%, 0% and 53% respectively for placental swabs, high vaginal swabs, throat swabs and urine specimens.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the five microbiological specimen types examined, placental swabs yielded the highest number of potential pathogens. Our results suggest that placental swabs are useful specimens for detecting potential pathogens from the uterine cavity, the most common source of perinatal infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T18:21:05Z","timestamp":1703701265000},"page":"e0295210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The microbial pathology of maternal perinatal sepsis: A single-institution retrospective five-year review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-4651","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare M.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brid","family":"Minihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mendinaro","family":"Imcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuala H.","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy K.","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5010-3185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colum P.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0295210.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000269","article-title":"Managing maternal sepsis: early warning criteria to ECMO.","volume":"60","author":"C Padilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0295210.ref002","author":"UNICEF","journal-title":"Maternal mortality rate"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0295210.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02028-1","article-title":"Irish Maternal Early Warning Score.","volume":"189","author":"S Nair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci."},{"key":"pone.0295210.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.04.010","article-title":"Sepsis in pregnancy and the puerperium.","volume":"36","author":"CEG Burlinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0295210.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100149","article-title":"Maternal sepsis.","volume":"2","author":"MF Escobar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0295210.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e661","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30109-1","article-title":"Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0295210.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12499","article-title":"The immune system\u2019s role in sepsis progression, resolution, and long-term outcome","volume":"274","author":"MJ Delano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0295210.ref008","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Health Organisation. 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