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The present study aimed to understand the physiological effects of VNS on gastrointestinal (GI) function, which is crucial for developing more effective adaptive closed-loop VNS therapies for GI diseases. Electrogastrography (EGG), which measures gastric electrical activities (GEAs) as a proxy to quantify GI functions, was employed in our investigation. We introduced a recording schema that allowed us to simultaneously induce electrical VNS and record EGG. While this setup created a unique model for studying the effects of VNS on the GI function and provided an excellent testbed for designing advanced neuromodulation therapies, the resulting data was noisy, heterogeneous, and required specialized analysis tools. The current study aimed at formulating a systematic and interpretable approach to quantify the physiological effects of electrical VNS on GEAs in ferrets by using signal processing and machine learning techniques. Our analysis pipeline included pre-processing steps, feature extraction from both time and frequency domains, a voting algorithm for selecting features, and model training and validation. Our results indicated that the electrophysiological changes induced by VNS were optimally characterized by a distinct set of features for each classification scenario. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the process of feature selection enhanced classification performance and facilitated representation learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T18:33:08Z","timestamp":1701455588000},"page":"e0295297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Quantifying the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on gastric myoelectric activity in ferrets using an interpretable machine learning approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3125-9886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Zeydabadinezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-3912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles C.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5819-5072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Babak","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0295297.ref001","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation promotes gastric emptying by increasing pyloric opening measured with magnetic resonance imaging","author":"K \u2010H Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref002","article-title":"The gastric conduction system in health and disease: A Translational Review","author":"G O\u2019Grady","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref003","article-title":"The electrogastrogram and what it shows","author":"WC Alvarez","year":"1922","journal-title":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref004","article-title":"Enhanced electrogastrography: A realistic way to salvage a promise that was never kept?","author":"MD Poscente","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref005","article-title":"Spatial patterns from high-resolution electrogastrography correlate with severity of symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis","author":"AA Gharibans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref006","article-title":"Gastric dysfunction in patients with chronic nausea and vomiting syndromes defined by a noninvasive gastric mapping device","author":"AA Gharibans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref007","article-title":"Multichannel magnetogastrogram: A clinical marker for pediatric chronic nausea","author":"S Somarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref008","article-title":"Machine learning prediction of emesis and gastrointestinal state in ferrets","author":"AC Nanivadekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0295297.ref009","article-title":"Egg Dwpack: System for Multi-channel electrogastrographic signals recording and analysis","author":"D. 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