{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:01:20Z","timestamp":1788627680396,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the literature there is lack of information on the influence of gender and time since autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on the immune reconstitution in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of the immune reconstitution according to gender in MM patients after autologous HSCT on the day of the clinic discharge and on the 29th day after discharge, as well as to investigate the changes in the immune system in females and males after staying at home for 28 days.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The studied population comprised 13 females and 13 males after autologous HSCT. On the day of the clinic discharge and on the 29th day after discharge blood samples were taken to analyse 22 immunological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10 StatSoft Poland. For multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was used.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No statistically significant differences were observed in the analysed immunological parameters between the studied females and males with MM on the day of the clinic discharge and on the 29th day after discharge. However, on the 29th day after the clinic discharge compared to the day of the clinic discharge, statistically significant differences were found in 8 immunological parameters among females and 6 immunological parameters among males.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion and recommendation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results indicate that the immune reconstitution is similar but not the same in patients of both genders. Statistically significant differences in the immune response in the studied females and males imply that gender may play a role in the immune reconstitution and that the results obtained in MM patients should be analysed separately in females and males. In order to explain the observed changes in the immune system according to gender, further research should be carried out on a larger population. This would most probably make it possible to find their clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T18:24:30Z","timestamp":1701973470000},"page":"e0295308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gender and the length of time since autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation\u2014What is their influence on the immune reconstitution in multiple myeloma patients?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6670-6714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalia","family":"Popierz-Rydlewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Merkiel-Paw\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0209-3282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"\u0141ojko-Dankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieczys\u0142aw","family":"Komarnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Chalcarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0295308.ref001","first-page":"363","article-title":"Infectious complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"41","author":"L. 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