{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:24:20Z","timestamp":1789709060734,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high pressure in some gas wells, such as those in the Xushen gas field in Daqing, China, makes them susceptible to freezing and hydrate blockages. Downhole throttling technology is widely used to reduce costs during well construction, however, due to the limitations of temperature, pressure and depth structure, this technology is sometime applied independently in some gas wells in which freezing and blockages are a frequent problem that can seriously affect production capacity. Moreover, artificial alcohol injection of \u2018passive plugging\u2019 to prevent hydrate formation not only consumes significant amounts of methanol but its efficiency is also dependent on factors such as weather, personnel and equipment, so it is not a continuous solution. In order to solve the above problems, the mechanism of hydrate formation was analyzed in this study, from which a combined mechanical and chemical hydrate control process was developed. OLGA software was used to design the process parameters of the novel mechanical and chemical inhibition technology for hydrate prevention and control, and also to simulate and analyze the wellhead temperature, pressure and hydrate generation once the process was implemented. Based on the results of the parameters calculation, the downhole throttle and hydrate inhibitor automatic filling device are used to realize the functions of downhole throttle depressurization and hydrate inhibitor continuous filling, reduce the wellhead pressure and hydrate generation temperature, and ensure the continuous production of gas well. This novel combination process was subsequently tested in three wells in the Daqing gas oilfield. Measurements showed that the average daily gas increase from a single well was 0.5\u00d710<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, methanol consumption was reduced from the original maximum daily amount of 1750 kg to just 60 kg, the manual maintenance workload was reduced by 80%, and the rate of the well openings was increased from 45% to 100%. These results proved that this technology is feasible and efficient for applications in gas wells with high downhole pressure and low wellhead temperature, and, thus, provides important technical support for the prevention of gas hydrate and improvement of gas well production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T18:33:54Z","timestamp":1701974034000},"page":"e0295356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Combined gas well hydrate prevention and control technology and its application"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2099-1934","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leilei","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"pone.0295356.ref001","first-page":"641","article-title":"Analysis of formation, distribution and potential of deep oil and gas in China [J]","volume":"40","author":"Sun Longde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Petroleum Exploration and Development"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref002","first-page":"55","article-title":"A new method for production dynamic simulation of downhole throttle gas Wells[J].","volume":"36","author":"An Yongsheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natural Gas Industry"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref003","first-page":"123","article-title":"Development and application of a new movable downhole throttle[J].","volume":"36","author":"Dan Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oil Drilling and Production Technology"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref004","first-page":"105","article-title":"A new method for optimizing throttling parameters of water-producing gas Wells[J].","volume":"37","author":"Yifei Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oil Drilling and Production Technology"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref005","first-page":"183","article-title":"Finite element analysis of sealing performance of downhole throttles[J].","author":"Wu Yibo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref006","first-page":"69","article-title":"Optimization and application of downhole throttling process parameters in liquid producing horizontal gas Wells[J].","volume":"46","author":"Zhou Jian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Petroleum Machinery,"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref007","first-page":"83","article-title":"Research and field application of downhole throttling technology of shale gas well in Pingqiao South Block[J]","volume":"9","author":"Yuan Hang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reservoir evaluation and development"},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3812(87)85016-1","article-title":"Hydrate formation and inhibition in gas condensate and hydrocarbon liquid systems[J]","volume":"36","author":"H J Ng","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"pone.0295356.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2118\/20437-PA","article-title":"Inhibition of gas hydrates in water\u2014based drilling muds[J].","volume":"7","author":"U Kotkoskie A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spe Drill. 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