{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:07:57Z","timestamp":1787242077201,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral mucositis is an inflammatory condition of oral cavity which is a common and serious side effect of cancer treatment. Severe oral mucositis compromises basic functions like eating and swallowing causing malnutrition also affecting overall patient\u2019s oral health related quality of life. The aim of the study was to find the frequency of oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer during their chemotherapy, the factors associated with oral mucositis &amp; the overall patient\u2019s oral health related quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer, receiving chemotherapy and who had undergone at least one cycle of chemotherapy were recruited from two hospital settings. In-person interviews were done, patients were asked questions about their sociodemographic history, personal habits, oral history and oral findings, breast cancer stage, chemotherapy history and Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Their oral examination was done at the end of the interview to assess presence or absence of oral mucositis, using World Health Organization oral mucositis tool. Oral Health Related Quality of Life was assessed using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results showed that out of 160 patients 88 (55%) of the breast cancer cases developed oral mucositis during chemotherapy. The mean Oral Health Impact Profile -14 scores in patients with oral mucositis was high 18.36\u00b10.96 showing poor Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Occasional frequency of brushing was significantly associated with oral mucositis (Prevalence ratio:2.26, 95%_CI 1.06\u20134.84) compared to those patients who brushed once and twice daily. Low level of education showed negative association with oral mucositis (Prevalence ratio:0.52, 95%_CI 0.31\u20130.88).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed significant positive association of occasional brushing with OM and protective association of low level of education with the development of OM. Emphasis should be given to oral hygiene instructions and dental education to cancer patients in oncology clinics with the prescription of mouth washes, gels and toothpaste to patients to decrease OM during chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T13:34:52Z","timestamp":1713274492000},"page":"e0295456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oral mucositis &amp; oral health related quality of life in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer in Karachi, Pakistan: A multicenter hospital based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6865-3014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asad","family":"Allana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan Raza","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafquat","family":"Rozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0295456.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2282-4","article-title":"Effects of professional oral health care on reducing the risk of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis","volume":"22","author":"H Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Supportive Care in Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0295456.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12710","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12710","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for development of oral mucositis in outpatients undergoing cancer chemotherapy","volume":"25","author":"S \u00c7akmak","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0295456.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00068-2","article-title":"Risk factors associated with mucositis in cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil","volume":"34","author":"GM McCarthy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0295456.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12282","article-title":"Impact of oral mucositis on oral-health-related quality of life of patients diagnosed with cancer","volume":"44","author":"A Barkokebas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of oral pathology & medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0295456.ref005","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Current Trends in Management of Oral Mucositis in Cancer Treatment","volume":"18","author":"A. Shankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0295456.ref006","first-page":"217","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer who receiving chemotherapy in Al-Bashir hospital","volume":"10","author":"AA Al Ibraheemi","year":"2016","journal-title":"International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research"},{"key":"pone.0295456.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05283-1","article-title":"A prospective study on oral adverse effects in head and neck cancer patients submitted to a preventive oral care protocol","volume":"28","author":"MO Morais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Supportive Care in Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0295456.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04189-6","article-title":"Triple negative breast cancer: Approved treatment options and their mechanisms of action","volume":"149","author":"A Mandapati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0295456.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.6106","article-title":"Life satisfaction, body image and associated factors among women with breast cancer after mastectomy","volume":"32","author":"N Phoosuwan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0295456.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12499","article-title":"Oral alterations and oral health-related quality of life assessment in patients undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care center","volume":"40","author":"P Sahni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Special Care in Dentistry"},{"key":"pone.0295456.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01715-7","article-title":"Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy","volume":"39","author":"C Pulito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0295456.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-018-0002-8","article-title":"Oral health-related quality of life in patients with upper gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders in Pakistan: validation of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 in the Urdu language","volume":"4","author":"I Warsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BDJ open"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0295456.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-07128-w","article-title":"Confounding factors in the assessment of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer","volume":"30","author":"L Lorini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Supportive Care in Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0295456.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-014-9904-0","article-title":"Dental care access 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