{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:49:20Z","timestamp":1788436160764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research & Development Program of China","award":["Grant No. (0201300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. (0201300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Parthenium hysterophorus<\/jats:italic> L., an invasive alien species and notorious weed, offers various benefits to the medical and agrochemical industries. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and insecticidal activities of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hysterophorus<\/jats:italic> flower extract and conduct chemical profiling to identify the phytoconstituents responsible for these biological effects. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was employed for chemical configuration evaluation. Our findings demonstrate that the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hysterophorus<\/jats:italic> exhibits potent radical scavenging activity (95.03%). Additionally, phytochemical analysis revealed significant amounts of phenols and flavonoids in the distilled water and ethyl acetate extracts (103.30 GAEg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> and 138.67 QEg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>, respectively). In terms of insecticidal activity, the flower extract displayed maximum mortality rates of 63.33% and 46.67% after 96 hours of exposure at concentrations of 1000 \u03bcgmL<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> and 800 \u03bcgmL<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>, respectively, with similar trends observed at 72 hours. Furthermore, the <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hysterophorus<\/jats:italic> extracts exhibited LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 1446 \u03bcgmL<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> at 72 hours and 750 \u03bcgmL<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> at 96 hours. Imidacloprid, the positive control, demonstrated higher mortality rates at 96 hours (97.67%) and 72 hours (91.82%). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hysterophorus<\/jats:italic> extracts exhibited a strong correlation with phenols, flavonoids, and extract yield. GCMS analysis identified 13 chemical compounds, accounting for 99.99% of the whole extract. Ethanol extraction yielded the highest percentage of extract (4.34%), followed by distilled water (3.22%), ethyl acetate (3.17%), and dichloromethane (2.39%). The flower extract of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hysterophorus<\/jats:italic> demonstrated significant antioxidant and insecticidal activities, accompanied by the presence of valuable chemical compounds responsible for these biological effects, making it a promising alternative to synthetic agents. These findings provide a novel and fundamental basis for further exploration in purifying the chemical compounds for their biological activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T17:53:52Z","timestamp":1717782832000},"page":"e0296321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antioxidant, insecticidal activity and chemical profiling of flower\u2019s extract of Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-465X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maqsood","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansar","family":"Javeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatika","family":"Sikandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-042X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zumin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0296321.ref001","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Indian medicinal plants against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria","volume":"8","author":"S Sukanya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr J. 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