{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:18Z","timestamp":1787022138849,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007492","name":"Baylor University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Arboviral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are caused by viruses that are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. However, the status of arbovirus vectors in eastern Ethiopia is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate distribution, breeding habitat, bionomics and phylogenetic relationship of\n Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n mosquito species in Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Entomological surveys were conducted in four sites including Jigjiga, Degehabur, Kebridehar and Godey in 2018 (October to December) to study the distribution of\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n and with a follow-up collection in 2020 (July-December). In addition, an investigation into the seasonality and bionomics of\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n was conducted in 2021 (January-April) in Kebridehar town. Adult mosquitoes were collected from indoor and outdoor locations using CDC light traps (LTs), pyrethrum spray collection (PSCs), and aspirators. Larvae and pupae were also collected from a total of 169 water-holding containers using a dipper between October and November 2020 (rainy season) in Kebridehar town. The species identification of wild caught and reared adults was conducted using a taxonomic key. In addition, species identification using mitochondrial and nuclear genes maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis was performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the 2018 collection,\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n was found in all study sites (Jigjiga, Degahabour, Kebridehar and Godey). In the 2020\u20132021 collection, a total of 470 (Female = 341, Male = 129) wild caught adult\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes were collected, mostly during the rainy season with the highest frequency in November (n = 177) while the lowest abundance was in the dry season (n = 14) for both February and March. The majority of\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegypt<\/jats:italic>\n were caught using PSC (n = 365) followed by CDC LT (n = 102) and least were collected by aspirator from an animal shelter (n = 3).\n Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n larval density was highest in tires (0.97 larvae per dip) followed by cemented cisterns (0.73 larvae per dip) and the Relative Breeding Index (RBI) was 0.87 and Container Index (CI) was 0.56. Genetic analysis of\n ITS2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n revealed one and 18 haplotypes, respectively and phylogenetic analysis confirmed species identification. The 2022 collection revealed no\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegpti<\/jats:italic>\n , but two previously uncharacterized species to that region. Phylogenetic analysis of these two species revealed their identities as\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n hirsutus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Culiseta longiareolata<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Data from our study indicate that,\n Ae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n is present both during the wet and dry seasons due to the availability of breeding habitats, including water containers like cemented cisterns, tires, barrels, and plastic containers. This study emphasizes the necessity of establishing a national entomological surveillance program for\n Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n in Somali region.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T14:23:47Z","timestamp":1704205427000},"page":"e0296406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Breeding habitats, bionomics and phylogenetic analysis of Aedes aegypti and first detection of Culiseta longiareolata, and Ae. hirsutus in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1510-8316","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Solomon","family":"Yared","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-6774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Araya","family":"Gebressilasie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amha","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abas","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9729-2879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isuru","family":"Gunarathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhivya","family":"Rajamanickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6040-5710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Waymire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshesha","family":"Balkew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar E.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296406.ref001","first-page":"e101","article-title":"Epidemic arboviral diseases: priorities for research and public health Lancet Infect Dis","volume":"17","author":"A. 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