{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:24:56Z","timestamp":1769837096430,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91058320 and 98020383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91058320 and 98020383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98-2-22-15523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98-2-22-15523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tinnitus is a common annoying symptom without effective and accepted treatment. In this controlled experimental study, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which uses light to modulate and repair target tissue, was used to treat sodium salicylate (SS)-induced tinnitus in a rat animal model. Here, PBMT was performed simultaneously on the peripheral and central regions involved in tinnitus. The results were evaluated using objective tests including gap pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Harmful neural plasticity induced by tinnitus was detected by doublecortin (DCX) protein expression, a known marker of neural plasticity. PBMT parameters were 808 nm wavelength, 165 mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> power density, and 99 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> energy density. In the tinnitus group, the mean gap in noise (GIN) value of GPIAS test was significantly decreased indicated the occurrence of an additional perceived sound like tinnitus and also the mean ABR threshold and brainstem transmission time (BTT) were significantly increased. In addition, a significant increase in DCX expression in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), dentate gyrus (DG) and the parafloccular lobe (PFL) of cerebellum was observed in the tinnitus group. In PBMT group, a significant increase in the GIN value, a significant decrease in the ABR threshold and BTT, and also significant reduction of DCX expression in the DG were observed. Based on our findings, PBMT has the potential to be used in the management of SS-induced tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T18:13:03Z","timestamp":1713291183000},"page":"e0296607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Photobiomodulation therapy in improvement of harmful neural plasticity in sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Katayoon","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Majdabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-408X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zainab","family":"Akbarnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Fekrazad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shahbazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6908-7605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saeid","family":"Mahmoudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0296607.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70160-1","article-title":"Tinnitus: causes and clinical management","volume":"12","author":"B Langguth","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0296607.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Incidence of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"CM Jarach","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0296607.ref003","article-title":"Noise Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus\u2014New Research Developments and Remaining Gaps in Disease Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention.","volume":"10","author":"T-C Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296607.ref004","first-page":"11","article-title":"Tinnitus: Characteristics, Causes, Mechanisms, and Treatments.","volume":"5","author":"BI Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"jcn."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296607.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a035493","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a035493","article-title":"Hidden hearing loss: a disorder with multiple etiologies and mechanisms.","volume":"10","author":"DC Kohrman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296607.ref006","article-title":"Hidden Hearing Loss: A Disorder with Multiple Etiologies and Mechanisms.","volume":"10","author":"CK D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296607.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4236\/ijohns.2023.123012","article-title":"Hidden Hearing Loss: Causes, Current Knowledge, and Future Directions.","volume":"12","author":"A. 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