{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:28:05Z","timestamp":1793395685427,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K00534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K00534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund of China","award":["L20DYY002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L20DYY002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H04835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H04835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To attain native-like proficiency in second-language word usage, learners have to discover intricate semantic categories in the target language. We investigated the factors influencing the development of two aspects of second-language learners\u2019 semantic categories: the category center and category boundary of word meanings. In the experiment, second-language learners of Japanese, whose first language is Mandarin, were asked to produce the best verb for 28 videos depicting various cutting and breaking events. Descriptive analyses were conducted to compare the verb patterns used by second-language learners with those of native speakers. The second-language learners\u2019 verb use pattern suggested their struggle in delineating the semantic ranges of breaking verbs in a native-like manner. Model analyses further revealed that different factors contribute to learning two different aspects of word meanings. The learning category center of word meaning depended on the similarity between the lexical domains in the first and second languages. On the contrary, the success of learning the semantic boundaries of verbs required a large input frequency and smaller semantic coverage, and smaller category ambiguity. The results suggest that constructing a semantic domain in the second language should be evaluated from at least two different aspects of semantic representation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T18:28:50Z","timestamp":1705688930000},"page":"e0296628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Learning semantic categories of L2 verbs: The case of cutting and breaking verbs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2271-0188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noburo","family":"Saji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7497-2621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chunzi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0296628.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.01.006","article-title":"Object naming and later lexical development: From baby bottle to beer bottle","volume":"58","author":"E Ameel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mem Lang"},{"key":"pone.0296628.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw8160","article-title":"Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure","volume":"366","author":"JC Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0296628.ref003","volume-title":"Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution","author":"B Berlin","year":"1969"},{"key":"pone.0296628.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2016.1171152","article-title":"Learning the language of locomotion: Do children use biomechanical structure to constrain hypotheses about word meaning?","volume":"12","author":"BC Malt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lang Learn Dev."},{"key":"pone.0296628.ref005","first-page":"465","volume-title":"Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin.","author":"D Gentner","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0296628.ref006","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Building object categories in developmental time.","author":"M. 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