{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:22:04Z","timestamp":1789402924292,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF-2022R1A2B5B01002517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2B5B01002517"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are closely related to the masticatory muscles, but objective and quantitative methods to evaluate muscle are lacking. IDEAL-IQ, a type of chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI), can quantify the fat fraction (FF). The purpose of this study was to develop an MR IDEAL-IQ-based method for quantitative muscle diagnosis in TMD patients. A total of 65 patients who underwent 3 T MRI scans, including CSE-MRI sequences, were retrospectively included. MRI diagnoses and clinical data were reviewed. There were 19 patients in the normal group and 46 patients in the TMD group with unilateral disc displacement. The TMD group was subdivided into those with and without clenching. The right and left FF values of the masseter, medial, and lateral pterygoid muscles were measured twice by two oral radiologists on CSE-MRI, and the average value was used. FF measurements using CSE-MRI showed excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement (ICC &gt; 0.889 for both). There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left FF values in the masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid of the normal group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in the TMD group without clenching, in which the masseter muscle had a statistically significantly lower FF value on the disc displacement side (3.94 \u00b1 1.61) than on the normal side (4.52 \u00b1 2.24) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). CSE-MRI, which can reproducibly quantify muscle FF values, is expected to be a biomarker for objective muscle evaluation in TMD patients. The masseter muscle is expected to be particularly useful compared to other masticatory muscles, but further research is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T13:34:51Z","timestamp":1705671291000},"page":"e0296769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of masticatory muscles in temporomandibular joint disorder patients using quantitative MRI fat fraction analysis\u2014Could it be a biomarker?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kug Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Joo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chena","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6833-6577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hak-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-7862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang-Sun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0296769.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"LF Valesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.186.3.8430181","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint: diagnostic accuracy with sagittal and coronal MR imaging","volume":"186","author":"MM Tasaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0296769.ref003","first-page":"106059","article-title":"Assessment of condylar changes in patients with temporomandibular joint pain using digital volumetric tomography","volume":"2014","author":"US Shetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/24985971","article-title":"A comparative study of accuracy of detection of surface osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint using multidetector CT and cone beam CT","volume":"41","author":"EH Zain-Alabdeen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/17815139","article-title":"Evaluation of bone changes in the temporomandibular joint using cone beam CT","volume":"41","author":"ML dos Anjos Pontual","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group\u2020","volume":"28","author":"E Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"pone.0296769.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1246-x","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of thickness of jaw-closing muscles in patients with long-standing bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a retrospective case-controlled study","volume":"19","author":"VV Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"pone.0296769.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.110939","article-title":"Temporalis and masseter muscle thickness as predictors of post-stroke dysphagia after endovascular thrombectomy","volume":"165","author":"SM Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"pone.0296769.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1743-4","article-title":"Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"HH Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0296769.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4166","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124166","article-title":"High Myopia and Thickness of Extraocular and Masticatory Muscles-7T MRI, Preliminary Study","volume":"12","author":"G Zieli\u0144ski","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0296769.ref011","first-page":"e272","article-title":"Assessment of Masticatory and Cervical Muscles\u2019 Thickness by Ultrasonography in Patients with Facial Asymmetry","volume":"170","author":"A Impellizzeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2018.48.3.213","article-title":"The relationship between masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and facial profile in young Korean adults","volume":"48","author":"KM Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0296769.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2017.01.003","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of masseter muscle stiffness in patients with temporomandibular disorders using shear wave elastography","volume":"61","author":"M Takashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0296769.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2174\/1573405616666201214121557","article-title":"Methods of masseter and temporal muscle thickness and elasticity measurements by ultrasound imaging: A Literature Review","volume":"17","author":"G Blicharz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjl055","article-title":"Muscle thickness, bite force, and craniofacial dimensions in adolescents with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"LJ Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10675","article-title":"Multicoil Dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least\u2010squares estimation method","volume":"51","author":"SB Reeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21561","article-title":"Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single\u2010voxel proton spectroscopy, two\u2010point dixon and three\u2010point IDEAL","volume":"59","author":"H Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100708","article-title":"Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2*-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy","volume":"258","author":"S Meisamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-018-0167-3","article-title":"IDEAL-IQ in an oncologic population: meeting the challenge of concomitant liver fat and liver iron","volume":"18","author":"S Eskreis-Winkler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"pone.0296769.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.08.002","article-title":"MRI liver fat quantification in an oncologic population: the added value of complex","volume":"52","author":"G Corrias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"pone.0296769.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.06.024","article-title":"Evaluation of fatty pancreas by proton density fat fraction using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging and its association with pancreatic cancer","volume":"118","author":"H Fukui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180263","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20180263","article-title":"Effect of laterality, gender, age and body mass index on the fat fraction of salivary glands in healthy volunteers: assessed using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation method","volume":"48","author":"GY Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0296769.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220349","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220349","article-title":"Parotid gland evaluation of menopausal women with xerostomia using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method of MRI: a pilot study","volume":"52","author":"KJ Jeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170760","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of vertebral microvascular permeability and fat fraction in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits","volume":"287","author":"L Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0296769.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-019-0336-2","article-title":"Quantification of pancreatic proton density fat fraction in diabetic pigs using MR imaging and IDEAL-IQ sequence","volume":"19","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0296769.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25496","article-title":"Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes","volume":"45","author":"HJ Yoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0296769.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246596","article-title":"Assessment of bone marrow fat fractions in the mandibular condyle head using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method","volume":"16","author":"KJ Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0296769.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220022","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220022","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of masticatory muscle dysfunction in unilateral exodontia rabbits","volume":"51","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0296769.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051323","article-title":"Accuracy of surface electromyography in the diagnosis of pain-related temporomandibular disorders in children with awake bruxism","volume":"11","author":"L Szyszka-Sommerfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220321","article-title":"Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging texture features of the lateral pterygoid muscle in distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"52","author":"H Muraoka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0296769.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.04.031","article-title":"Increased apparent diffusion coefficient values of masticatory muscles on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder and unilateral pain","volume":"77","author":"E Sawada","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0296769.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.2014-0073","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation of trunk muscle recruitment after trunk exercises using diffusion-weighted MR imaging","volume":"14","author":"O Yanagisawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0296769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T13:35:11Z","timestamp":1705671311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0296769"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rocco","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0296769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}}}