{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:29:53Z","timestamp":1790461793307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main objective of this study is to identify the level of self-care practices and the determinants of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women residing in one of the refugee camps in Jordan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenient sample of forty women diagnosed with GDM from the high-risk maternity clinic in one of the Syrian refugee camps in Jordan. The study used the Gestational Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (GDMSES), Diabetes Knowledge (DMK) assessment, and Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA) to measure the variables of interest. Descriptive analysis and Multiple logistic regression were used to assess for significant factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant associations were found between the subcategories of diet, exercise, and blood sugar control in both the self-efficacy and self-activity scales (p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.05), respectively. Two factors were associated with higher GDM self-care: diabetes knowledge and higher self-efficacy toward GDM self-care (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this study highlight that pregnant women with GDM who have higher levels of self-efficacy and diabetes knowledge are more likely to achieve higher levels of GDM self-care. Beside developing health promotion programs to enhance women\u2019s self-efficacy in adhering to GDM care, adequate support and relevant resources to facilitate GDM management among refugee women are recommended. Future research for identifying other potential factors affecting GDM self-care among refugees is highly recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T13:26:38Z","timestamp":1708003598000},"page":"e0297051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Factors influencing gestational diabetes self-care among pregnant women in a Syrian Refugee Camp in Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4636-9626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enas A.","family":"Assaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleama","family":"Al Sabbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaliyah","family":"Momani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmieh","family":"Al-Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"A. Al-Sa\u2019ad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Ababneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref001","article-title":"Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History on Future Pregnancy Behaviors: The Mutaba\u2019ah Study.","volume":"18","author":"N Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000439413","article-title":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"31","author":"C Spaight","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine development"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2018;131(2):e49-e64. Epub 2018\/01\/26. doi: 10.1097\/aog.0000000000002501 29370047.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002501"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.030","article-title":"Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Europe: A meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"CE Eades","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0699-x","article-title":"Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Risk of Progression to Type 2 Diabetes: a Global Perspective.","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current diabetes reports."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref006","first-page":"132","article-title":"Prevalence of gestational diabetes and contributing factors among pregnant Jordanian women attending Jordan University hospital","volume":"39","author":"AS Basha","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref007","first-page":"3361","article-title":"Adverse effects of gestational diabetes-related risk factors on pregnancy outcomes and intervention measures.","volume":"20","author":"W Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med Experimental and therapeutic medicine."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0297051.ref008","first-page":"827","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus: Major risk factors and pregnancy-related outcomes: A cohort study.","volume":"19","author":"A Kouhkan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed International journal of reproductive biomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297051.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2237","article-title":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Implications of an Increased Frequency With IADPSG Criteria","volume":"35","author":"RG Moses","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297051.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2012.05.013","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of gestational diabetes self-management: A qualitative study","volume":"29","author":"M. Carolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.03.001","article-title":"Self-management of gestational diabetes among Chinese migrants: A qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"YYE Wah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women and birth: journal of the Australian College of Midwives"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.07.001","article-title":"Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Gestational Diabetes: An Interpretive Description of South Asian Women and Health-Care Providers Living and Working in Southern Ontario, Canada.","volume":"45","author":"S Kandasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes."},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"pone.0297051.ref013","article-title":"14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"A. American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-99","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of factors that facilitate or inhibit gestational diabetes self-management","volume":"12","author":"M Carolan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297051.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_108_17","article-title":"Self-care Education Needs in Gestational Diabetes Tailored to the Iranian Culture: A Qualitative Content Analysis.","volume":"23","author":"M Kolivand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref016","article-title":"Social cognitive theory.","author":"A. Bandura","year":"1989","journal-title":"The International Encyclopedia of Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","article-title":"Health promotion by social cognitive means.","volume":"31","author":"A. Bandura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref018","first-page":"9","author":"LM Shortridge-Baggett","year":"2000","journal-title":"The theory and measurement of the self-efficacy construct"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref019","unstructured":"United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East U. World at War (PDF). 2015 3\/10\/2015. Report No."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref020","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees U. \u201cOperational Data Report, Jordan, 2022a. 2022a."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref021","first-page":"287","article-title":"Socio-demographic Predictors of Perceived Health among Syrian Refugees in Jordan.","volume":"21","author":"H Alduraidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medico Legal Update."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-7-18","article-title":"Syrian refugees, between rocky crisis in Syria and hard inaccessibility to healthcare services in Lebanon and Jordan.","volume":"7","author":"Z El-Khatib","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conflict and Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297051.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky103","article-title":"Healthcare services for Syrian refugees in Jordan: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"R El Arab","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref024","first-page":"141","author":"C Krafft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Demographics, Livelihoods, Education, and Health."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref025","article-title":"A comparative Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan: Healthcare Access and Delivery.","author":"A Saleh","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Society Systems Science"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/wmh3.231","article-title":"Syrian Refugee Women\u2019s Health in Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan and Recommendations for Improved Practice.","volume":"9","author":"G. Samari","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Medical and Health Policy."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-018-0174-9","article-title":"A cross-sectional assessment of diabetes self-management, education and support needs of Syrian refugee patients living with diabetes in Bekaa Valley Lebanon.","volume":"12","author":"JA Elliott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conflict and Health."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref028","first-page":"40","article-title":"Obstetric Outcomes among Syrian Refugees: A Comparative Study at a Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital in Turkey.","author":"S Ozel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref029","first-page":"160","article-title":"Comparison of pregnant Turkish women and Syrian refugees: Does living as a refugee have an unfavorable effect on pregnancy outcomes? International Journal of Gynecology &","volume":"149","author":"\u00dc Turkay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstetrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12382","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes among Syrian refugee and Jordanian women: a comparative study.","volume":"64","author":"K Alnuaimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Nursing Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0297051.ref031","first-page":"648","article-title":"Challenges associated with providing diabetes care in humanitarian settings. The Lancet Diabetes &","volume":"7","author":"P Boulle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref032","first-page":"7","article-title":"Gestational Diabetes and International Migration.","author":"K Kragelund Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Endocrine Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v5n2p213","article-title":"The relationship between demographic variables and diabetes self-management in diabetic patients in Amman city\/Jordan","volume":"5","author":"MA Adwan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global journal of health science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.002","article-title":"Self-efficacy, self-management, and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","author":"OA Al-Khawaldeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297051.ref035","first-page":"771","article-title":"Psychosocial correlates of diabetes self-management practices","volume":"46","author":"MW Darawad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297051.ref036","first-page":"87","article-title":"Diabetes self-care management behaviours among Jordanian type two diabetes patients","volume":"5","author":"ZF Albikawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Int J Contemp Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.03.001","article-title":"Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to blood sugar control","volume":"25","author":"RM Al-Amer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref038","unstructured":"(DHS) DaHS. Jordan 2017\u201318 Population and Family Health Servery (PDF). 2017 6\/6\/2022. Report No."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410600455","volume-title":"A primer of multivariate statistics","author":"RJ Harris","year":"2001"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref040","unstructured":"solutions s. calculating sample size 2023 [cited 2023 Aprile,30, 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/www.statisticssolutions.com\/dissertation-resources\/sample-size-calculation-and-sample-size-justification\/sample-size-formula\/#:~:text=Some%20researchers%20do%2C%20however%2C%20support,minimum%20sample%20size%20of%2030."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref041","unstructured":"World Health Organization W. A healthy lifestyle\u2014WHO recommendations 6 May 2010 WHO2010 [January, 14, 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/item\/a-healthy-lifestyle\u2014who-recommendations."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297051.ref042","first-page":"e8816","article-title":"Levels of Practice and Determinants of Diabetes Self-Care in Primary Health Care in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.","volume":"12","author":"AH AlQahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref043","article-title":"Health-Promoting Lifestyles and Awareness of Diabetes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.","author":"O Alkhawaldeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jordan medical journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhqr.2021.12.004","article-title":"Translation and psychometric validation of the Arabic Gestational Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (GDMSES).","volume":"37","author":"I Al Hashmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Healthc Qual Res."},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref045","first-page":"75","article-title":"Assessing diabetes self-management: the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaire","volume":"351","author":"DJ Toobert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Handbook of psychology and diabetes: A guide to psychological measurement in diabetes research and practice"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref046","author":"R. Al-Amer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depression and self-care in Jordanian adults with diabetes: The POISE study: University of Western Sydney (Australia)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e513","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2018.18.04.014","article-title":"The Effect of a Self-Efficacy-Enhancing Intervention on Perceived Self-Efficacy and Actual Adherence to Healthy Behaviours Among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.","volume":"18","author":"I Al-Hashmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos University medical journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-021-00380-7","article-title":"Improving diabetes control for Syrian refugees in Jordan: a longitudinal cohort study comparing the effects of cash transfers and health education interventions","volume":"15","author":"BE Lyles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conflict and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.002","article-title":"Self-efficacy, self-management, and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","author":"OA Al-Khawaldeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref050","first-page":"30","article-title":"The Relationship between Social Capital and Self-Efficacy in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study.","author":"SH Moghadam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal Of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721708321005","article-title":"Self-efficacy, social support, and associations with physical activity and body mass index among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"C Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Diabetes Educator"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref052","first-page":"16","article-title":"Correlations of Self-Efficacy among Women with Gestational Diabetes","author":"F Bastani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hayat"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0297051.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2018.1458983","article-title":"Self-efficacy and planning strategies can improve physical activity levels in women with a recent history of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"33","author":"J Pinidiyapathirage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology & health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297051.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e513","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2018.18.04.014","article-title":"The effect of a self-efficacy-enhancing intervention on perceived self-efficacy and actual adherence to healthy behaviours among women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"I Al-Hashmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos University medical journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmq086","article-title":"The importance of measuring self-efficacy in patients with diabetes","volume":"28","author":"M Mishali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref056","article-title":"Health literacy and its association with diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and disease self-management among African Americans with diabetes mellitus.","volume":"22","author":"V. McCleary-Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"ABNF Journal."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297051.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0725-6","article-title":"Relationship between self-efficacy, self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Malaysian primary care setting.","volume":"19","author":"Z Tharek","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC family practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297051.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.26.3.172","article-title":"Association of self-efficacy and self-care with glycemic control in diabetes","volume":"26","author":"CM Beckerle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectrum"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0297051.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0345","article-title":"Does patient empowerment predict self-care behavior and glycosylated hemoglobin in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes?","volume":"17","author":"S Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4274\/jcp.44366","article-title":"Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Self-efficacy and Perinatal Outcomes.","volume":"13","author":"E Ger\u00e7ek","year":"2015","journal-title":"G\u00fcncel Pediatri"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203","article-title":"Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model.","volume":"15","author":"IM Rosenstock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Educ Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","article-title":"Health promotion by social cognitive means.","volume":"31","author":"A. Bandura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297051.ref063","first-page":"350","article-title":"Assessment of the Effect of a Health Literacy Educational Program for Health Personnel on Promoting Self-Efficacy among Patients with Chronic Diseases.","volume":"12","author":"Nooshin Peyman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health System Research."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297051.ref064","first-page":"135","article-title":"Effect of nursing intervention on knowledge, attitude and self-care activities among gestational diabetic women","volume":"5","author":"NE Saboula","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0297051.ref065","author":"UNHCR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Woman Alone: the fight for survivial by Syrian rafugee women"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T13:27:43Z","timestamp":1708003663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297051"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nur Aizati Athirah","family":"Daud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]}}}