{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:21:14Z","timestamp":1785464474291,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nutraceutical Wellness, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hair loss\/thinning is a common side effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer therapy. Some nutraceuticals known to promote hair growth are avoided during breast cancer therapy for fear of phytoestrogenic activity. However, not all botanical ingredients have similarities to estrogens, and in fact, no information exists as to the true interaction of these ingredients with tamoxifen. Therefore, this study sought to ascertain the effect of nutraceuticals (+\/- estrogen\/tamoxifen), on proliferation of breast cancer cells and the relative expression of ER\u03b1\/\u03b2.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Kelp, Astaxanthin, Saw Palmetto, Tocotrienols, Maca, Horsetail, Resveratrol, Curcumin and Ashwagandha were assessed on proliferation of MCF7, T47D and BT483 breast cancer cell lines +\/- 17\u03b2-estradiol and tamoxifen. Each extract was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to use. Cellular ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Changes in the cellular localisation of ER\u03b1:ER\u03b2 and their ratio following incubation with the nutraceuticals was confirmed by immunocytochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Estradiol stimulated DNA synthesis in three different breast cancer cell lines: MCF7, T47D and BT483, which was inhibited by tamoxifen; this was mirrored by a specific ERa agonist in T47D and BT483 cells. Overall, nutraceuticals did not interfere with tamoxifen inhibition of estrogen; some even induced further inhibition when combined with tamoxifen. The ER\u03b1:ER\u03b2 ratio was higher at mRNA and protein level in all cell lines. However, incubation with nutraceuticals induced a shift to higher ER\u03b2 expression and a localization of ERs around the nuclear periphery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As ER\u03b1 is the key driver of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, if nutraceuticals have a higher affinity for ER\u03b2 they may offer a protective effect, particularly if they synergize and augment the actions of tamoxifen. Since ER\u03b2 is the predominant ER in the hair follicle, further studies confirming whether nutraceuticals can shift the ratio towards ER\u03b2 in hair follicle cells would support a role for them in hair growth. Although more research is needed to assess safety and efficacy, this promising data suggests the potential of nutraceuticals as adjuvant therapy for hair loss in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T18:31:50Z","timestamp":1708972310000},"page":"e0297080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nutraceuticals known to promote hair growth do not interfere with the inhibitory action of tamoxifen in MCF7, T47D and BT483 breast cancer cell lines"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7639-6275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Dell\u2019Acqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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