{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:33:23Z","timestamp":1777620803805,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies have shown that certain vocal fold pathologies are more common in one sex than the other. This is often explained by differences in the composition of the lamina propria and anatomical differences between female and male vocal folds, resulting in e.g. different fundamental frequencies. Here, we investigated a potential sex-specific voice frequency effect in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> setting using vocal fold fibroblasts from one male and one female donor with and without cigarette smoke extract (CSE) addition. After exposure to either male or female vibration frequency with or without CSE, cells and supernatants were harvested. Gene and protein analysis were performed by means of qPCR, western blot, ELISA and Luminex. We found that exposure of cells to both male and female vibration pattern did not elicit significant changes in the expression of extracellular matrix-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related genes, compared to control cells. The addition of CSE to vibration downregulated the gene expression of <jats:italic>COL1A1<\/jats:italic> in cells exposed to the female vibration pattern, as well as induced <jats:italic>MMP1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PTGS2<\/jats:italic> in cells exposed to both female and male vibration pattern. The protein expression of MMP1 and COX2 was found to be significantly upregulated only in cells exposed to CSE and female vibration pattern. To conclude, different vibration patterns alone did not cause different responses of the cells. However, the female vibration pattern in combination with CSE had a tendency to elicit\/maintain more pro-inflammatory responses in cells than the male vibration pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T18:28:22Z","timestamp":1707503302000},"page":"e0297168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vocal fold fibroblasts and exposure to vibration in vitro: Does sex matter?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Andrijana","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-2428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tanja","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Steffan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Groselj-Strele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Gerstenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gugatschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0297168.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000179174.32345.41","article-title":"Voice disorders in the general population: prevalence, risk factors, and occupational impact","volume":"115","author":"N Roy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297168.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(01)00043-1","article-title":"Shifts in relative prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment-seeking population","volume":"15","author":"SM Coyle","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297168.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20696","article-title":"The prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment-seeking population with dysphonia","volume":"120","author":"E Van Houtte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297168.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24911","article-title":"Gender and age in benign vocal fold lesions","volume":"125","author":"A Zhukhovitskaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297168.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00101-7","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid: its role in voice","volume":"16","author":"PD Ward","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0297168.ref006","article-title":"Vocal Fold Fibroblasts in Reinke\u2019s Edema Show Alterations Involved in Extracellular Matrix Production","volume":"9","author":"M Grill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine Response and Cell Cycle Control. 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