{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:25:56Z","timestamp":1787167556326,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R21 AG056901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AG056901"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RF1 AG057768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1 AG057768"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AG045031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG045031"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RF1 AG078299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1 AG078299"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000063","name":"NIH Office of Dietary Supplements","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive and memory impairments and neuropathological abnormalities. AD has no cure, inadequate treatment options, and a limited understanding of possible prevention measures. Previous studies have demonstrated that AD model mice that received a diet high in the essential nutrient choline had reduced amyloidosis, cholinergic deficits, and gliosis, and increased neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated the lifelong effects of perinatal choline supplementation on behavior, cognitive function, and amyloidosis in\n                    <jats:italic>App<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>NL-G-F<\/jats:sup>\n                    AD model mice. Pregnant and lactating mice were given a diet containing either 1.1 g\/kg (control) or 5 g\/kg (supplemented) of choline chloride until weaning and subsequently, all offspring received the control diet throughout their life. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age, animals were behaviorally tested in the Open Field Test, Elevated Plus Maze, Barnes Maze, and in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Immunohistochemical analysis of A\u03b242 was also conducted on the brains of these mice.\n                    <jats:italic>App<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>NL-G-F<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice displayed hippocampal-dependent spatial learning deficits starting at 3-months-old that persisted until 12-months-old. These spatial learning deficits were fully prevented by perinatal choline supplementation at young ages (3 and 6 months) but not in older mice (12 months).\n                    <jats:italic>App<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>NL-G-F<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice also had impaired fearful learning and memory at 9- and 12-months-old that were diminished by choline supplementation. Perinatal choline supplementation reduced A\u03b242 deposition in the amygdala, cortex, and hippocampus of\n                    <jats:italic>App<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>NL-G-F<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Together, these results demonstrate that perinatal choline supplementation is capable of preventing cognitive deficits and dampening amyloidosis in\n                    <jats:italic>App<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>NL-G-F<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice and suggest that ensuring adequate choline consumption during early life may be a valuable method to prevent or reduce AD dementia and neuropathology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T13:26:31Z","timestamp":1707139591000},"page":"e0297289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Perinatal choline supplementation prevents learning and memory deficits and reduces brain amyloid A\u03b242 deposition in AppNL-G-F Alzheimer\u2019s disease model mice"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7807-6848","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Bellio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessenia Y.","family":"Laguna-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary S.","family":"Campion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5221-5957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheila","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan K.","family":"Blusztajn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-9374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiffany J.","family":"Mellott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297289.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2174\/187152412800792706","article-title":"Choline nutrition programs brain development via DNA and histone methylation","volume":"12","author":"JK Blusztajn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry: NIH Public Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297289.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2015.1080127","article-title":"Assessment of Total Choline Intakes in the United States","volume":"35","author":"TC 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