{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:29:31Z","timestamp":1790666971859,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pleural effusion is not an infrequent complication in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, there is not adequate data to evaluate pleural effusion and prognosis in clinical practice. In this study, we validated this potential association by a multicenter cohort.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We screened 1,162 patients who met the inclusion criteria with PD. According to the existence of pleural effusion on stable dialysis (4\u20138 weeks after dialysis initiation), the participants were divided into pleural effusion and non-pleural effusion groups. The hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cause-specific death were estimated with adjustment for demographic characteristics and multiple potential clinical confounders. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to further verify the robustness of the correlation between hydrothorax and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pleural effusion was found in 8.9% (104\/1162) of PD individuals. After adjusting for the confounding factors, patients with pleural effusion had significantly increased HRs for all-cause death was 3.06 (2.36\u20133.96) and cardiovascular death was 3.78 (2.67\u20135.35) compared to those without pleural effusion. However, it was not associated with infectious and other causes of death. After PSM, the HR of all-cause mortality was 3.56 (2.28\u20135.56). The association trends were consistent in the subgroup sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pleural effusion is not rare in PD, and is significantly associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality, which is independent of underlying diseases and clinically relevant indicators.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T18:55:46Z","timestamp":1705690546000},"page":"e0297343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pleural effusion portends a poor prognosis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fengping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-6738","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0297343.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2100152","article-title":"Peritoneal Dialysis","volume":"385","author":"I. Teitelbaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297343.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.032","article-title":"Peritoneal Dialysis Use and Practice Patterns: An International Survey Study","volume":"77","author":"Y Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0297343.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0283-8","article-title":"Innovations in peritoneal dialysis.","volume":"16","author":"MWY Foo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0297343.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0315-4","article-title":"The current and future landscape of dialysis.","volume":"16","author":"J Himmelfarb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297343.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2018.10.007","article-title":"Pleural effusion negatively impacts survival of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.","volume":"25","author":"S Hamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulmonology."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0297343.ref006","first-page":"e18649","article-title":"Transudative and Exudative Pleural Effusion in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Prospective Single-Center Study.","volume":"13","author":"A Jabbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"pone.0297343.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.09.011","article-title":"Survival trends in ESRD patients compared with the general population in the United States","volume":"63","author":"C van Walraven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297343.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.02.020","article-title":"Pleural effusion in long-term hemodialysis patients","volume":"39","author":"T Bakirci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0297343.ref009","first-page":"377","article-title":"Pleural Effusion in Adults-Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","volume":"116","author":"B Jany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"issue":"141","key":"pone.0297343.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0026-2016","article-title":"The management of benign non-infective pleural effusions.","volume":"25","author":"OJ Bintcliffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297343.ref011","first-page":"209","article-title":"A cross-sectional prospective study of pleural effusion among cases of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"55","author":"S Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0297343.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2009.00135","article-title":"Unexplained exudative pleural effusion in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients.","volume":"30","author":"BC Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0297343.ref013","first-page":"7494","article-title":"Characteristics and negative impacts of pleural effusion in hospitalized patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.","volume":"14","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"pone.0297343.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.12.014","article-title":"Nonmalignant pleural effusions.","volume":"151","author":"SP Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0297343.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.156548","article-title":"Exudative pleural effusion in chronic kidney disease: An aetiological dilemma","volume":"141","author":"G. Ahluwalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297343.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2221","article-title":"Effects of coexisting pneumonia and end-stage renal disease on pleural fluid analysis in patients with hydrostatic pleural effusion.","volume":"143","author":"P Doelken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"pone.0297343.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828783","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.828783","article-title":"Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Pleural Effusions. A Multicenter, Observational, Prospective Study","volume":"9","author":"E Markatis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297343.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061715","article-title":"Nutritional Status in Peritoneal Dialysis: Nutritional Guidelines, Adequacy and the Management of Malnutrition.","volume":"12","author":"T Kiebalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0297343.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002600","article-title":"Benefits of preserving residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis","author":"B Marr\u00f3n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297343.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP96S15","article-title":"Lung ultrasound, hemoglobin, and NT-proBNP in peritoneal dialysis patients.","volume":"96","author":"L Lu\u010di\u010d \u0160rajer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0297343.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01597-x","article-title":"Soluble neprilysin, NT-proBNP, and growth differentiation factor-15 as biomarkers for heart failure in dialysis patients (SONGBIRD).","volume":"109","author":"R Claus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0297343.ref022","article-title":"Trapped lung and refractory pleural effusion in a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis","author":"Y Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297343.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13490","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis-related hydrothorax: A conservative approach should be the best beginning option.","volume":"24","author":"G Li Cavoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297343.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.07.004","article-title":"Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription and Adequacy in Clinical Practice: Core Curriculum 2023","volume":"81","author":"BL Auguste","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T18:55:55Z","timestamp":1705690555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297343"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Kannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]}}}