{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:18:36Z","timestamp":1792790316998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cameroon monomodal rainforest zone has a strong agricultural activity and is therefore exposed to pesticides. Furthermore, the area possesses climatic factors that favor the growth of <jats:italic>Achatinadea<\/jats:italic> snails known as African giant snails, a delicacy for the local population. The present study aimed to evaluate pesticides contamination (less vs more exposed areas) through assessment of exposure and impact on <jats:italic>Achatinadea<\/jats:italic> snails. <jats:italic>Achatinadea<\/jats:italic> snails were collected within intensive agricultural areas (Njombe and Kribi rural) and in areas with less agricultural activity (Ebodje and Dibombari). Collection was performed at night between July and September 2020 using an adapted square kilometer method. Type, number, weight, and size of the collected snails were analyzed and compared using Welsh\u2019s One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). After removing the soft part from the shell, the presence of pesticides was determined using mass spectrometry. Histological analysis of kidney and ovo-testis was performed using eosin-hematoxylin staining. Results showed that the main variety of snails collected are <jats:italic>Archachatina marginata<\/jats:italic>. In areas with less agricultural activity, snails are bigger than those from more agricultural areas heavily using pesticides. Furthermore, pesticides detection showed that glyphosate, but not metalaxyl, is present in animals coming from all the collection sites. Cypermethrin was found in all the samples except in those from Dibombari. Histology revealed that the structure of the kidney and ovo-testis of snails from more exposed areas is impaired. In conclusion, this study revealed that some pesticides are transferred to snail and impair the structure of important organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T18:22:56Z","timestamp":1709576576000},"page":"e0297369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of pesticides exposure on Archachatina marginata snails in four Cameroon monomodal rainforest sites"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-1816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annick Niquaise","family":"Enangue Njembele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeva Arielle Patience","family":"Seppo Njembele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Henoch","family":"Dicka kwambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Hamdja Ngoniri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Ntyam epse Ondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingsley Agbor","family":"Etchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0297369.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics5040030","article-title":"A Pilot Study in Cameroon to Understand Safe Uses of Pesticides in Agriculture, Risk Factors for Farmers\u2019 Exposure and Management of Accidental Cases","volume":"5","author":"G Pouokam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"pone.0297369.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.36348\/jaep.2020.v04i06.010","article-title":"Assessing Small-Scale Farmers\u2019 Attitudes, Practices and Vulnerability to Pesticides Use in Market Gardening Crops in M\u2019muockngie (South Western Cameroon)","volume":"4","author":"EE Nkemleke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adv Educ Philos"},{"key":"pone.0297369.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.4314\/ijbcs.v8i5.3","article-title":"Pesticides use in cocoa sector in Cameroon: characterization of supply source, nature of actives ingredients, fashion and reasons for their utilization","volume":"8","author":"R Mahob","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Biol Chem Sci"},{"key":"pone.0297369.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(03)00008-5","article-title":"A survey of pesticide application in Cameroon","volume":"22","author":"G Matthews","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"pone.0297369.ref005","first-page":"2945","article-title":"Small-scale tomato cultivators\u2019 perception on pesticides usage and practices in Buea Cameroon","volume":"6","author":"TE Tandi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health (N Y)"},{"key":"pone.0297369.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2305764","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of agro pesticides use on liver and kidney function in farmers from Buea, Cameroon","volume":"2020","author":"FPT Manfo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Toxicol"},{"key":"pone.0297369.ref007","unstructured":"Kouame C, Tchindjang M, Chagomoka T. 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