{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:57:32Z","timestamp":1768406252922,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health issue especially in women. Serum vitamin D concentrations vary depending on the weather. However, the ideal vitamin D supplementation strategy related to weather remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between climate factors and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. This study included 11,272 women aged 20\u201379 who visited a health promotion center for annual checkups between January 2013 and December 2015. We reviewed medical records and collected daily meteorological data. We analyzed the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and climate factors using simple and multiple regression models and then predicted serum 25(OH)D concentration using multiple fractional polynomial models. The median age of the participants was 51 years (20\u201379 years), and the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 17.4 \u00b1 8.6 ng\/mL. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower in young women than in older women. The proportions of women with adequate 25(OH)D levels were 14.9% and 47.0% in the age groups 20\u201329 and 70\u201379, respectively. The maximum level of predicted log 25(OH)D was found in September, and the minimum was found in January. In multiple regression analysis, age and monthly mean temperature were associated with 25(OH)D concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D level was predicted using the following formula: log (25(OH)D) = 2.144 + 0.009 \u00d7 age + 0.018 \u00d7 ((temperature + 12.4)\/10)<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, adjusted R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.091). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations changed according to air temperature. An adequate strategy for vitamin D supplementation, based on air temperature, is necessary to maintain healthy serum 25(OH)D levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T17:22:30Z","timestamp":1711732950000},"page":"e0297495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of air temperature on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: A single institutional large-scale study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kyung Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Ju","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Hoon","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9254-6024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kidong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Beom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-6757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Hong","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0297495.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109617","article-title":"A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention","volume":"367","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2133","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency in Korea\u2014a greater threat to younger generation: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008.","volume":"96","author":"HS Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref004","first-page":"11","article-title":"Sex Differences of Vitamin D Status across BMI Classes: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study.","author":"G Muscogiuri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.604","article-title":"Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988\u20132004","volume":"169","author":"AA Ginde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3098","article-title":"Gender-dependent skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency in a younger generation","volume":"97","author":"JS Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2017-0391","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in childhood: old lessons and current challenges","volume":"31","author":"R Antonucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307214","article-title":"Sunshine and vitamin D","volume":"101","author":"V Saraff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117748","article-title":"Low maternal vitamin D status during the second trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China.","volume":"10","author":"JP Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0297495.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2050482","article-title":"The relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and vitamin D status.","volume":"2","author":"O. 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