{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:03:17Z","timestamp":1785456197169,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Directional changes in cutting maneuvers are critical in sports, where shoe torsional stiffness (STS) is an important factor. Shoes are designed based on different constructions and movement patterns. Hence, it is unclear how adjustable spacers into the sole constructions of air pressure chambers (APC) affect the STS in side-step cutting. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of altered STS through adjustable sole spacers on ground reaction force (GRF) and ankle and knee joint moments in side-step cutting. Seventeen healthy recreational athletes performed side-step cutting with experimental conditions including (i) barefoot (BF), (ii) unaltered shoes (UAS): soles consisting of APC, and (iii) altered shoes (AS): modified UAS by inserting elastomeric spacers into cavities formed by APC. Mechanical and biomechanical variables were measured. Significant differences were revealed across shoe conditions for impact peak (p = 0.009) and impulse (p = 0.018) in vertical GRF, time to achieve peak braking (p = 0.004), and peak propulsion (p = 0.025) for anterior-posterior GRF in ANOVA test. No significant differences were observed in GRF peaks and impulses between UAS and AS except for a trend of differences in impact peak (p = 0.087) for vertical GRF. At the ankle and knee joint, peak ankle power absorption (p = 0.019), peak knee internal rotation moment (p = 0.042), peak knee extension moment (p = 0.001), peak knee flexion moment (0.000), peak knee power absorption (p = 0.047) showed significant difference across three shoe conditions. However, no significant differences between the UAS and AS were noticed for peak joint moments and power. Altered shoe torsional stiffness did not significantly affect the peak forces and peak ankle and knee joint moments or powers; hence sole adjustment did not influence the cutting performance. This study might be insightful in sports footwear design, and adjusting shoe torsional stiffness by sole modification might be advantageous for athletes playing sports with cutting maneuvers to reduce the risk of injuries by controlling the twisting force at the ankle that frequently happens during cutting maneuvers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T18:40:04Z","timestamp":1709232004000},"page":"e0297592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influence of altered torsional stiffness through sole modification of air pressure shoes on lower extremity biomechanical behaviour during side-step cutting maneuvers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Md Samsul","family":"Arefin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Feng","family":"Chieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-0156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng-Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-4842","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fong-Chin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0297592.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0968-3","article-title":"The effect of angle and velocity on change of direction biomechanics: An angle-velocity trade-off","volume":"48","author":"T Dos\u2019 Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297592.ref002","first-page":"22","article-title":"Control of the rear foot in lateral movements in sports","volume":"7","author":"A Stacoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sportverletzung Sportschaden: Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-traumatologische Sportmedizin"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0297592.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419508732254","article-title":"The physiological load imposed on basketball players during competition","volume":"13","author":"S McInnes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of sports sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0297592.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508322893","article-title":"The epidemiology of US high school basketball injuries, 2005\u20132007","volume":"36","author":"LA Borowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American journal of sports medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0297592.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181e78e33","article-title":"Injuries in women\u2019s soccer: a 1-year all players prospective field study of the women\u2019s Bundesliga (German premier league)","volume":"20","author":"G Hartmut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0297592.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128180.51443.83","article-title":"Effect of gender and defensive opponent on the biomechanics of sidestep cutting","volume":"36","author":"SG McLean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise"},{"key":"pone.0297592.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.08.019","article-title":"Sharper angle, higher risk? 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