{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:24:33Z","timestamp":1787786673434,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is one of the causes for birth asphyxia. Each year, over five million neonatal deaths occur worldwide because of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and other causes, of which 90% are due to birth asphyxia. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and associated factors among women who gave birth in North Shoa Zone Hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed. We used 610 women who gave birth at North Shoa Zone Hospitals, Amhara region, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from June 8 to August 8, 2022. Recruitment for the study was made using a multistage sampling procedure. Fifty percent of the study hospitals were randomly selected, and proportional allocation was done. Participants were selected from the sampling frame, labour and delivery register book, using a systematic random sampling approach. The first person was selected at random, while the remaining individuals were selected at every two \"K\" intervals across all hospitals. An interview-administered structured questionnaire and chart review checklist were used to gather the data that were entered into Epi-Data Version 4.6 and exported to SPSS. Logistics regression was employed, and a p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The magnitude of meconium-stained amniotic fluid was 30.3%. Women with a normal hematocrit level were 83% less likely to develop meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Women whose mid-upper arm circumference value was less than 22.9cm (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.18\u20133.20), obstructed labour (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.48\u20138.83), prolonged labour \u2265 15 hr (AOR = 7.5; 95% CI: 7.68\u201313.3), premature rapture of membrane (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 3.22\u20137.40), foetal tachycardia (AOR = 6.2; 95% CI: 2.41\u201316.3), and Bradycardia (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.93\u20135.28) showed a significant association with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study revealed that the magnitude of meconium-stained amniotic fluid in North Shoa Zone is nearly one-third. A normal hematocrit level is a preventive factor for meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and a MUAC value &lt;22.9 cm, obstructed and prolonged labour, PROM, bradycardia, and tachycardia are factors associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T18:31:05Z","timestamp":1707935465000},"page":"e0297654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Magnitude of meconium stained amniotic fluid and associated factors among women who gave birth in North Shoa Zone hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2022"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7787-6949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mitiku","family":"Tefera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmawit","family":"Birhanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe","family":"Mihretie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewunetu","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrham","family":"Demis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leweyehu","family":"Alemaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0297654.ref001","volume":"18","author":"Dagne Addisu1*, A.A. GG and SA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prevalence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and its associated factors among women who gave birth at term in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized referral hospital, North West Ethiopia: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref002","unstructured":"Cunningham, F.G., Leveno, K.J., Bloom, S.L., Spong SY et al. W, Obstetrics, Mc Graw Hill Education, New York, NY U. 2018."},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meconium stained amniotic fluid, its Significance and Obstetric Outcome.","author":"A Soni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref004","first-page":"71","article-title":"Obstetrics outcome at term in meconium stained amniotic fluid-retrospective study","author":"A.K. 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Care"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref010","first-page":"8","article-title":"Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid: Factors affecting Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes at Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia.","author":"Amenu Sori D and AB","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref011","first-page":"67","article-title":"Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid Among Women Delivered at St Paul\u2019s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","author":"HA Hailemariam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Physiol. Biophys"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref012","article-title":"National Antenatal CareAntenatal.","author":"Ethiopian ministery of Health","year":"2022","journal-title":"In: ANC Guideline"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref013","first-page":"7","article-title":"Predictability of intrapartum cardiotocography with meconium stained liquor and its correlation with perinatal outcome.","author":"A Husain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc."},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20183761","article-title":"Study of risk factors and perinatal outcome in meconium stained deliveries from a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.","volume":"7","author":"R Rathoria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Contraception, Obstet. Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref015","first-page":"10","article-title":"Rafia Rashid1*, M.A.H.M., Manisha Banerjee3, Syed Shafi Ahmed1 SM and NES. Risk Factors Associated with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid in Neonates: A Tertiary Centre Experience from Bangladesh","author":"R Rashid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. J. Pediatr. Neonatol"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref016","first-page":"9","article-title":"EB. Risk factors that can lead to development of meconium aspiration syndrome","author":"L. Rovas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Int. J"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref017","article-title":"ACCS. Maternal factors Associated with Meconium Staining of Amniotic Fluid in Labour.","volume":"07","author":"S.S. Anju","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci. an cilnical Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297654.ref018","article-title":"The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child\u2019s health. Saudi Med","volume":"36","author":"N.M. Abu-Ouf","year":"2015","journal-title":"journal"},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref019","first-page":"6","article-title":"Incidence of and factors associated with meconium staining of the amniotic fluid in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital.","author":"A.N. David","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (Lahore)."},{"key":"pone.0297654.ref020","first-page":"8","article-title":"Risk factors for meconium stained amniotic fluid and its implications.","author":"R. Sundaram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Contraception, Obstet. Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0297654.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e31802d8a81","article-title":"Elevated plasma corticotrophin release factor levels and in utero meconium passage","volume":"61","author":"J Lakshmanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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