{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:15:37Z","timestamp":1790702137133,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. LGF20F050002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LGF20F050002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 62103340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62103340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hangzhou City Agriculture and Social Development General Project","award":["No. 20191203B34 and No.20201203B118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20191203B34 and No.20201203B118"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Empty large volume parenteral (LVP) bottle has irregular shape and narrow opening, and its detection accuracy of the foreign substances at the bottom is higher than that of ordinary packaging bottles. The current traditional detection method for the bottom of LVP bottles is to directly use manual visual inspection, which involves high labor intensity and is prone to visual fatigue and quality fluctuations, resulting in limited applicability for the detection of the bottom of LVP bottles. A geometric constraint-based detection model (GCBDM) has been proposed, which combines the imaging model and the shape characteristics of the bottle to construct a constraint model of the imaging parameters, according to the detection accuracy and the field of view. Then, the imaging model is designed and optimized for the detection. Further, the generalized GCBDM has been adopted to different bottle bottom detection scenarios, such as cough syrup and capsule medicine bottles by changing the target parameters of the model. The GCBDM, on the one hand, can avoid the information at the bottom being blocked by the narrow opening in the imaging optical path. On the other hand, by calculating the maximum position deviation between the center of visual inspection and the center of the bottom, it can provide the basis for the accuracy design of the transmission mechanism in the inspection, thus further ensuring the stability of the detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T17:36:02Z","timestamp":1714152962000},"page":"e0298108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Machine vision model for detection of foreign substances at the bottom of empty large volume parenteral"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0275-3853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298108.ref001","author":"CP Commission","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298108.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.5731\/pdajpst.2013.00922","article-title":"Particulate matter in injectable drug products","volume":"67","author":"S. 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