{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:35:12Z","timestamp":1772688912059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/30\/M\/NZ6\/00502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/30\/M\/NZ6\/00502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/006\/1122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/006\/1122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RPOWP 2007-2013 funding, Priority I, Axis 1.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPOWP 2007-2013 funding, Priority I, Axis 1.1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UDA564 RPPD.01.01.00-20-001\/15-00 dated 26.06.2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UDA564 RPPD.01.01.00-20-001\/15-00 dated 26.06.2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Microbial biofilms, as a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and other chronic infections, remain a desirable target for antimicrobial therapy. These biopolymer-based viscoelastic structures protect pathogenic organisms from immune responses and antibiotics. Consequently, treatments directed at disrupting biofilms represent a promising strategy for combating biofilm-associated infections. In CF patients, the viscoelasticity of biofilms is determined mainly by their polymicrobial nature and species-specific traits, such as <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> filamentous (Pf) bacteriophages. Therefore, we examined the impact of microbicidal ceragenins (CSAs) supported by mucolytic agents\u2013DNase I and poly-aspartic acid (pASP), on the viability and viscoelasticity of mono- and bispecies biofilms formed by Pf-positive and Pf-negative <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> strains co-cultured with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antimicrobial activity of ceragenins against <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> in mono- and dual-species cultures was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal\/fungicidal concentration (MBC\/MFC). Inhibition of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> mono- and dual-species biofilms formation by ceragenins alone and in combination with DNase I or poly-aspartic acid (pASP) was estimated by the crystal violet assay. Additionally, the viability of the biofilms was measured by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. Finally, the biofilms\u2019 viscoelastic properties characterized by shear storage (G\u2019) and loss moduli (G\u201d), were analyzed with a rotational rheometer.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results demonstrated that ceragenin CSA-13 inhibits biofilm formation and increases its fluidity regardless of the Pf-profile and species composition; however, the Pf-positive biofilms are characterized by elevated viscosity and elasticity parameters.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Due to its microbicidal and viscoelasticity-modifying properties, CSA-13 displays therapeutic potential in biofilm-associated infections, especially when combined with mucolytic agents.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T18:23:15Z","timestamp":1707762195000},"page":"e0298112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ceragenin-mediated disruption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Urszula","family":"Wnorowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"\u0141ysik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Piktel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zakrzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Ok\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Lesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Spa\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Mystkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Janmey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Fiedoruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-9226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Bucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298112.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2019.100017","article-title":"Biofilm mechanics: Implications in infection and survival","volume":"2","author":"ES Gloag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0298112.ref002","article-title":"Pseudomonas 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