{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:20:24Z","timestamp":1747196424421,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia","award":["1879\/UN5.1.R\/SK\/PPM\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1879\/UN5.1.R\/SK\/PPM\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stunting is caused by various factors, including low nutritional intake in the first two years of life. This study aimed to investigate the differences in sociodemographic factors and mineral, vitamin, and enzyme parameters in mothers associated with the occurrence of stunting in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to November 2020 on North Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history, birth history, food intake, and laboratory examinations, including measurements of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, pancreatic amylase, and serum lipase levels. This study included 50 healthy mothers aged 18\u201350 years old with children aged 2 to 60 months. There was a significant difference in serum calcium levels between the groups of mothers of children with normal and stunted growth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03, mean difference\u00b1standard error (SE) = 0.23\u00b10.12, 95% CI: 0.19\u20130.45). All of the study subjects were categorized as vitamin D deficient. The mean lipase level in the group of mothers of children with stunted growth was significantly lower than that in the group of mothers of children with normal growth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02, mean difference\u00b1SE = 4.34\u00b11.83, 95% CI: 0.62\u20138.06). The conclusion was that serum lipase levels were significantly lower in mothers of children with stunted growth compared to mothers of children with normal growth. Serum lipase levels this low are likely to indicate that a mother is unable to meet her child\u2019s calcium needs during pregnancy, increasing the child\u2019s risk of stunted growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T17:42:42Z","timestamp":1717695762000},"page":"e0298253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low serum lipase levels in mothers of children with stunted growth indicate the possibility of low calcium absorption during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study in North Sumatra, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1442-5304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dina Keumala","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Amelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2434-3118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dewi","family":"Masyithah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1943-6202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kraichat","family":"Tantrakarnapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298253.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9520973","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9520973","article-title":"Prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among children of 6\u201359 months in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"2020","author":"B Bogale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638020","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1638020","article-title":"Stunting and severe stunting among infants in India: the role of delayed introduction of complementary foods and community and household factors","volume":"12","author":"MV Dhami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019000235","article-title":"Subnational variation of stunting, wasting and malnutrition in Chinese primary-school children between 2010 and 2014: urban-rural disparity","volume":"22","author":"Y Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1545-0","article-title":"Determinants of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data","volume":"19","author":"KF Gebru","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217736","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217736","article-title":"Risk factors of stunting (chronic undernutrition) of children aged 6 to 24 months in Mekelle city, Tigray region, North Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study","volume":"14","author":"K Berhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-019-0944-z","article-title":"Trends and predictors of inequality in childhood stunting in Nepal from 1996 to 2016","volume":"18","author":"MR Angdembe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12826","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12826","article-title":"Child stunting is associated with child, maternal, and environmental factors in Vietnam","volume":"15","author":"T Beal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12698","article-title":"Prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting among young children with a significant cognitive delay in 47 low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"64","author":"E Emerson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1572-x","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of stunting and wasting among public primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest","volume":"19","author":"Z Getaneh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfcli.2019.10.069","article-title":"Stunting prevalence and its relationship to birth length of 18\u201323 months old infants in Indonesia","volume":"30","author":"Hastuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enferm Clin"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154756","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154756","article-title":"Stunting, underweight and overweight in children aged 2.0\u20134.9 years in Indonesia: prevalence trends and associated risk factors","volume":"11","author":"CN Rachmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-9-64","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in North Maluku province of Indonesia","volume":"9","author":"CN Ramli","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"volume-title":"Hasil utama RISKESDAS 2018","year":"2018","key":"pone.0298253.ref013"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref014","unstructured":"Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 1 dari 3 balita Indoneisa derita stunting. 2018 [cited 13 December 2020]. http:\/\/www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id\/artikel-sehat\/1-dari-3-balita-indonesia-derita-stunting."},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref015","first-page":"CD011695","article-title":"Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)","volume":"6","author":"SM Goudet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2019.8.4.307","article-title":"Dietary diversity, social support and stunting among children aged 6\u201359 months in an internally displaced persons camp in Kayin State, Myanmar","volume":"8","author":"AK Hein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Res"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13341","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of adolescent linear growth and stunting across the urban-rural gradient in eastern Ethiopia","volume":"25","author":"AA Irenso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref018","first-page":"361","article-title":"Factors associated with excess weight and stunting in schoolchildren born with low birth weight","volume":"24","author":"RC Kuhn-Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0844-6","article-title":"Child feeding and stunting prevalence in left-behind children: a descriptive analysis of data from a central and Western Chinese population","volume":"62","author":"L Ban","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-018-0236-9","article-title":"Prevalence of stunting and associated factors among preschool children: a community based comparative cross sectional study in Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"G Berhanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6300(1998)10:2<229::AID-AJHB8>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Stunting in an Andean community: prevalence and etiology","volume":"10","author":"PR Berti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref022","first-page":"23SS","article-title":"Prevalence of growth stunting and obesity: pediatric nutrition surveillance system, 1982","volume":"32","author":"FL Trowbridge","year":"1983","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517002720","article-title":"The dietary diversity and stunting prevalence in minority children under 3 years old: a cross-sectional study in forty-two counties of Western China","volume":"118","author":"A Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50568","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050568","article-title":"Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting","volume":"7","author":"KR Wessells","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4535-2","article-title":"Stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Wukro town, Tigray region, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"12","author":"TT Gebru","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519000813","article-title":"Development of a nutrient quality score for the complementary diets of Indonesian infants and relationships with linear growth and stunting: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"122","author":"JJ Haszard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6688-2","article-title":"Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children <5 years of age: evidence from 2012\u20132013 Pakistan demographic and health survey","volume":"19","author":"S Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"volume-title":"Endotext","year":"2000","author":"CS Kovacs","key":"pone.0298253.ref028"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref029","first-page":"947","article-title":"Body weight and bone\/calcium metabolism. Obesity and vitamin D","volume":"28","author":"R. Okazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Calcium"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.17-79","article-title":"Soymilk intake has desirable effects on phosphorus and calcium metabolism","volume":"62","author":"M Sakuma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nzy085","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzy085","article-title":"Serum calcium concentrations, chronic inflammation and glucose metabolism: a cross-sectional analysis in the Andhra Pradesh children and parents study (APCaPS)","volume":"3","author":"K Shridhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003075","article-title":"Micronutrient-rich food consumption, intra-household food allocation and child stunting in rural Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"O Fadare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00413-X","article-title":"Calcium and lipoprotein lipase synergistically enhance the binding and uptake of native and oxidized LDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages","volume":"150","author":"X Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(89)90237-3","article-title":"Rapid modulation of rat adipocyte lipoprotein lipase: effect of calcium, A23187 ionophore, and thrombin","volume":"1003","author":"MR Soma","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130048","article-title":"Effect of calcium ion on lipase-fat complex formation","volume":"72","author":"M Masaka","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref036","unstructured":"Gugus Tugas Penanganan Covid 19 Indonesia. Data penyebaran covid 19 Indonesia. 2020 [cited 20 May 2020]. https:\/\/covid19.go.id."},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2019-coron","article-title":"What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research","volume":"20","author":"MA Lake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2020.04.004","article-title":"Biological and epidemiological trends in the prevalence and mortality due to outbreaks of novel coronavirus COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"SA Meo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Sci"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00627-9","article-title":"Associations of iron intake, serum iron and serum ferritin with bone mineral density in women: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2005\u20132010","volume":"106","author":"M Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/30.5.286","article-title":"Mineral content of breast milk from north Indian mothers giving birth preterm and at term\u2014implication for mineral nutrition of preterm infants","volume":"30","author":"AP Gupta","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.03.008","article-title":"Getting to the root of plant mineral nutrition: combinatorial nutrient stresses reveal emergent properties","volume":"24","author":"N Bouain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.5194\/se-5-1351-2014","article-title":"Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium release from two compressed fertilizers: column experiments","volume":"5","author":"MJ Ferna\u00e1ndez-Sanjurjo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.07.082","article-title":"Effect of pH, temperature and co-existing anions on the removal of Cr(VI) in groundwater by green synthesized nZVI\/Ni","volume":"163","author":"F Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01333-7","article-title":"Structural and functional changes of groundwater bacterial community during temperature and pH disturbances","volume":"78","author":"Y Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2011.617360","article-title":"Nutrition needs assessment of young special Olympics participants","volume":"36","author":"JC Gibson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.02.007","article-title":"Adjusted or ideal body weight for nutrition assessment?","volume":"115","author":"JB Kohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"volume-title":"The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its intervention","year":"2000","author":"WHO WRPO","key":"pone.0298253.ref047"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref048","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Child growth standard. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020."},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref049","unstructured":"Erhardt J, Gross R. Nutrisurvey and calculations. 2007 [cited 2 April 2010]. http:\/\/www.nutrisurvey.de."},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5561-z","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors for stunting among 6\u201312 years old school age children from rural community of Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"TY Bogale","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0167-6","article-title":"Prevalence of underweight and stunting among school children in West Bengal","volume":"75","author":"K Bose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2020.01.013","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of stunting among adolescent girls in Ethiopia","volume":"52","author":"BB Abate","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2018.31.170.15763","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of stunting among the school-age population in North-Central Nigeria","volume":"31","author":"IA Adedeji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref054","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of stunting among primary school children in rural and urban communities in Obafemi Owode local government area, Southwestern Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"WU Adenuga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Ib Postgrad Med"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-019-0300-0","article-title":"Determinants of stunting among children aged 0\u201359 months in Nepal: findings from Nepal demographic and health survey, 2006, 2011, and 2016","volume":"5","author":"RP Adhikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz050","article-title":"The complex relationship between wasting and stunting","volume":"110","author":"A. Briend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy068","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction and child stunting","volume":"77","author":"S Budge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-019-0287-6","article-title":"Predictors of stunting among children 6\u201359 months of age in Sodo Zuria district, South Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"SK Dake","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000571","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2019-000571","article-title":"Advancing child nutrition science in the scaling up nutrition era: a systematic scoping review of stunting research in Guatemala","volume":"3","author":"A Cordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0255-x","article-title":"Early-life obesity prevention: critique of intervention trials during the first one thousand days","volume":"6","author":"JJ Reilly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-019-0249-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of a new approach for exclusive breastfeeding counselling on breastfeeding prevalence, infant growth velocity and postpartum weight loss in overweight or obese women: protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"F Aldana-Parra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1844-9","article-title":"Has the prevalence of stunting in South African children changed in 40 years? A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"R Said-Mohamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4081\/pmc.2017.157","article-title":"Nutritional and metabolic programming during the first thousand days of life","volume":"39","author":"M Agosti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Med Chir"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116629259","article-title":"Protein quality in the first thousand days of life","volume":"37","author":"S. Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2019.12.007","article-title":"Relevance of the first thousand days of life to the development of wheezing in children aged 6\u20137 years","volume":"48","author":"KD Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-019-0436-4","article-title":"Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors","volume":"18","author":"SH Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951115001778","article-title":"A cross-sectional audit of the prevalence of stunting in children attending a regional paediatric cardiology service","volume":"26","author":"LV Marino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa043","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors for stunting among under-fives attending acute malnutrition treatment programmes in north-western Nigeria: should these programmes be adapted to also manage stunting?","volume":"13","author":"A Imam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0028-z","article-title":"Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: bone histomorphometric analysis and response to treatment with zoledronic acid","volume":"97","author":"FM Grizzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241812","article-title":"Hypocalcaemia and calcium intake in pregnancy: a research protocol for critical analysis of risk factors, maternofoetal outcomes and evaluation of diagnostic methods in a third-category health facility, Cameroon","volume":"15","author":"AB Ajong","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020004425","article-title":"An observational study on calcium supplementation and dietary intake during pregnancy on low birth weight and small for gestational age","volume":"24","author":"W Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref072","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osteoporosis associated with pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"S Pentyala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174417000629","article-title":"Beyond the dyad: making developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) interventions more inclusive","volume":"9","author":"M Pentecost","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref074","first-page":"105","article-title":"Early life opportunities for promotion of children health","volume":"50","author":"F. Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000490847","article-title":"Intervention for dysbiosis in children born by C-section","volume":"73","author":"R Francavilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref076","first-page":"7","article-title":"Role of calcium and calcium-binding agents on the lipase digestibility of emulsified lipids using an in vitro digestion model","volume":"24","author":"M Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2016.03.002","article-title":"High fat diet enriched with saturated, but not monounsaturated fatty acids adversely affects femur, and both diets increase calcium absorption in older female mice","volume":"36","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref078","first-page":"8","article-title":"My understanding is that calcium absorption relies on vitamin D and that vitamin D needs fat to be used by the body","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"If I drink low-fat milk with a low-fat meal, is the milk\u2019s supply of calcium wasted? Mayo Clin Health Lett"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00116-2","article-title":"Reduced dietary calcium and vitamin D results in preterm birth and altered placental morphogenesis in mice during pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"RL Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.10.022","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up in pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: sequential therapy with strontium ranelate and ibandronate","volume":"15","author":"MD Tanriover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100312S202","article-title":"Maternal iron-folic acid supplementation programs: evidence of impact and implementation","volume":"31","author":"TG Sanghvi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100118","article-title":"Scaling up nutrition: a framework for action","volume":"31","author":"K Bezanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00701-8","article-title":"Associations between maternal calcium intake from diet and supplements during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population","volume":"75","author":"D Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R53","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0424","article-title":"Bone metabolic changes during pregnancy: a period of vulnerability to osteoporosis and fracture","volume":"172","author":"L Sanz-Salvador","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-01896-8","article-title":"Calcium intake from diet and supplement use during early pregnancy: the expect study I","volume":"59","author":"JPMM Willemse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.01.001","article-title":"Hepatic lipase is expressed by osteoblasts and modulates bone remodeling in obesity","volume":"62","author":"A Bartelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3149-3","article-title":"Presentation and management of osteoporosis presenting in association with pregnancy or lactation","volume":"26","author":"CS Kovacs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S87274","article-title":"A case series of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis and a review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572120944671","article-title":"The effect of calcium supplementation on body weight before and during pregnancy in women enrolled in the WHO calcium and preeclampsia trial","volume":"41","author":"G Cormick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2006.10719521","article-title":"Palm olein in the fat blend of infant formulas: effect on the intestinal absorption of calcium and fat, and bone mineralization","volume":"25","author":"WW Koo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.05.007","article-title":"Importance of the regiospecific distribution of long-chain saturated fatty acids on gut comfort, fat and calcium absorption in infants","volume":"121","author":"V Petit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015956104500","article-title":"The role of calcium ions and bile salts on the pancreatic lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride emulsions stabilized with lecithin","volume":"6","author":"FJ Alvarez","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"pone.0298253.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42580","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507252200","article-title":"Calcium triggers folding of lipoprotein lipase into active dimers","volume":"280","author":"L Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0298253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T17:43:57Z","timestamp":1717695837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0298253"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dhruba","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0298253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]}}}