{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:02:48Z","timestamp":1789736568306,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the common CT findings of high-grade <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>HG) PanIN and clinical effects in the remnant pancreas in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two hundred fifty-one patients with surgically confirmed IPMNs (118 malignant [invasive carcinoma\/high-grade dysplasia] and 133 benign [low-grade dysplasia]) were retrospectively enrolled. The grade of PanIN (233 absent\/low-grade and 18 high-grade) was recorded, and all patients underwent serial CT follow-up before and after surgery. Two radiologists analyzed CT findings of high-risk stigmata or worrisome features according to 2017 international consensus guidelines. They also analyzed tumor recurrence on serial follow-up CT after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant predictors and clinical impact on postoperative outcomes of HG PanIN.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PanIN grade showed a significant association with IPMN grade (p = 0.012). Enhancing mural nodules \u22655 mm, abrupt main pancreatic duct (MPD) changes with distal pancreatic atrophy, increased mural nodule size and MPD diameter were common findings in HG PanIN (P&lt;0.05). In multivariate analysis, abrupt MPD change with distal pancreatic atrophy (odds ratio (OR) 6.59, 95% CI: 2.32\u201318.72, &lt;0.001) and mural nodule size (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.08, 0.004) were important predictors for HG PanIN. During postoperative follow-up, HG PanIN (OR, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.22\u201320.33, 0.025) was significantly associated with cancer recurrence in the remnant pancreas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CT can be useful for predicting HG PanIN using common features, such as abrupt MPD changes and mural nodules. In HG PanIN, extra caution is needed to monitor postoperative recurrence during follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T17:26:27Z","timestamp":1714411587000},"page":"e0298278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CT findings and clinical effects of high grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Min Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-7758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Kyung","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Jin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298278.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474905","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/474905","article-title":"Precursor lesions for sporadic pancreatic cancer: PanIN, IPMN, and MCN","volume":"2014","author":"M Distler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0298278.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000126675.59108.80","article-title":"An illustrated consensus on the classification of pancreatic Intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms","volume":"28","author":"RH Hruban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg 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