{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:13:36Z","timestamp":1790745216278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AA028032-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AA028032-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AA028032-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AA028032-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unhealthy alcohol consumption is a severe public health problem. But low to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with high subjective well-being, possibly because alcohol is commonly consumed socially together with friends, who often are important for subjective well-being. Disentangling the health and social complexities of alcohol behavior has been difficult using traditional rating scales with cross-section designs. We aim to better understand these complexities by examining individuals\u2019 everyday affective subjective well-being language, in addition to rating scales, and via both between- and within-person designs across multiple weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used daily language and ecological momentary assessment on 908 US restaurant workers (12692 days) over two-week intervals. Participants were asked up to three times a day to \u201cdescribe your current feelings\u201d, rate their emotions, and report their alcohol behavior in the past 24 hours, including if they were drinking alone or with others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both between and within individuals, language-based subjective well-being predicted alcohol behavior more accurately than corresponding rating scales. Individuals self-reported being happier on days when drinking more, with language characteristic of these days predominantly describing socializing with friends. Between individuals (over several weeks), subjective well-being correlated much more negatively with drinking alone (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= -.29) than it did with total drinking (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= -.10). Aligned with this, people who drank more alone generally described their feelings as<jats:italic>sad<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>stressed<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>anxious<\/jats:italic>and drinking alone days related to<jats:italic>nervous<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>annoyed<\/jats:italic>language as well as a lower reported subjective well-being.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals\u2019 daily subjective well-being, as measured via language, in part, explained the social aspects of alcohol drinking. Further, being alone explained this relationship, such that drinking alone was associated with lower subjective well-being.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T18:23:02Z","timestamp":1709749382000},"page":"e0298300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Language-based EMA assessments help understand problematic alcohol consumption"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2416-3755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"August H\u00e5kan","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansen Andrew","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-809X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard N.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda","family":"Mahwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adithya V.","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle","family":"Ungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9458","key":"pone.0298300.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17870-2","article-title":"Alcohol and public health","volume":"365","author":"R Room","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298300.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70099-2","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages","volume":"8","author":"R Baan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0298300.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15735","article-title":"Associations of common mental disorder with alcohol use in the adult general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"JA Puddephatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298300.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420969406","article-title":"Drinking Together and Drinking Alone: A Social-Contextual Framework for Examining Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder.","volume":"30","author":"KG Creswell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298300.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2018.1437466","article-title":"PERMA and the building blocks of well-being","volume":"13","author":"M. 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