{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:19:00Z","timestamp":1791231540654,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\ncute kidney injury(AKI) is a rapid loss of the kidney\u2019s excretory function, resulting in an accumulation of end products of nitrogen metabolism. The causes of AKI in HIV-positive patients are not well investigated, but it may be associated with antiretroviral drug side effects and HIV itself. Even though there were studies that reported the prevalence of AKI among HIV-positive patients in Africa, their findings were inconsistent across the studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nWe searched on PubMed, Embas, Ebsco, OVID, Cochrane Library, and other supplementary search engines, including Google and Google Scholar. Articles published upto July 2023 were included in this review study. The quality of the study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. A random effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of AKI among HIV-positive patients. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochrane Q statistics and I squared (I2<\/jats:sup>). Furthermore, the graphic asymmetric test of the funnel plot and\/or Egger\u2019s tests were computed to detect publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was computed to see the effect of a single study on the summary effects. To treat the publication bias, a trim and fill analysis was carried out. The protocol of this review has been registered in an international database, the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO),with reference number CRD42023446078.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nA total of twenty-four original articles comprising 7913HIV-positive patients were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of AKI among HI-positive patients was found to be 23.35% (95% CI: 18.14\u201328.56%, I2<\/jats:sup> = 97.7%, p-value <0.001). Low hemoglobin (Hgb <8mg\/dl) was found to be the determinant factor for AKI among HIV-positive patients (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI:1.69\u20133.4, I2<\/jats:sup> = 0.0%, p-value = 0.40). In meta-regression analysis, sample size was the possible source of variation among the included studies (AOR = 3.11, 95%CI: 2.399\u20133.83).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nThe pooled prevalence of AKI among HIV-positive patients was high. HIV-positive patients with low hemoglobin levels are at risk of developing AKI. Hence, regular monitoring of kidney function tests is needed to prevent or delay the risk of AKI among HIV-positive patients. Healthcare workers should provide an integrated healthcare service to HIV-positive patients on the prevention, treatment, and reduction of the progression of AKI to advanced stages and complications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T18:27:12Z","timestamp":1707503232000},"page":"e0298302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Acute kidney injury and its predictors among HIV-positive patients in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6270-5992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abere Woretaw","family":"Azagew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailemichael Kindie","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannes Mulu","family":"Ferede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chilot Kassa","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298302.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00250","article-title":"Controlling the HIV\/AIDS epidemic: current status and global challenges","volume":"3","author":"T Demberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"key":"pone.0298302.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068664","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1068664","article-title":"Global, regional, and national HIV\/AIDS disease burden levels and trends in 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study","volume":"11","author":"X Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0298302.ref003","unstructured":"Global HIV & AIDS statistics\u2014Fact sheet [Internet]. 2022."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0298302.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01376.x","article-title":"Renal complications in HIV","volume":"61","author":"R Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"International journal of clinical practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298302.ref005","first-page":"13","article-title":"Kidney disease and HIV infection","volume":"25","author":"CM Wyatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Topics in antiviral medicine"},{"key":"pone.0298302.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalim S, Szczech LA, Wyatt CM, editors. 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