{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:12:35Z","timestamp":1780708355367,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with a variety of skin diseases. However, whether this association reflects a causal relationship remains unknown. We aimed to reveal the causal relationship between gut microbiota and skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and lichen planus.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We obtained full genetic association summary data for gut microbiota, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and lichen planus from public databases and used three methods, mainly inverse variance weighting, to analyze the causal relationships between gut microbiota and these skin diseases using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, as well as sensitivity and stability analysis of the results using multiple methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results showed that there were five associated genera in the psoriasis group, seven associated genera were obtained in the atopic dermatitis group, a total of ten associated genera in the acne group, and four associated genera in the lichen planus group. The results corrected for false discovery rate showed that Eubacteriumfissicatenagroup (P = 2.20E-04, OR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.11\u20131.40) and psoriasis still showed a causal relationship. In contrast, in the reverse Mendelian randomization results, there was no evidence of an association between these skin diseases and gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We demonstrated a causal relationship between gut microbiota and immune skin diseases and provide a new therapeutic perspective for the study of immune diseases: targeted modulation of dysregulation of specific bacterial taxa to prevent and treat psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and lichen planus.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T17:45:38Z","timestamp":1711043138000},"page":"e0298443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The causal relationship between gut microbiota and immune skin diseases: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3217-0467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298443.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.12.002","article-title":"Epigenetics of psoriatic disease: A systematic review and critical appraisal","volume":"78","author":"RA Pollock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of autoimmunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0298443.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.011","article-title":"Psoriasis and mortality in the United States: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"85","author":"YR Semenov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0298443.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13657","article-title":"The incidence of extra-articular manifestations in southern Chinese patients with inflammatory joint diseases","volume":"22","author":"S Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of rheumatic diseases"},{"key":"pone.0298443.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916645","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916645","article-title":"Causal Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Psoriasis: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0298443.ref005","first-page":"590","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"101","author":"W Frazier","year":"2020","journal-title":"American family physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0298443.ref006","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of the Microbiome across the Gut-Skin Axis in Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"DH Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298443.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1654075","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: new evidence in pathogenesis and future modalities of treatment","volume":"32","author":"N. 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