{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T11:24:10Z","timestamp":1793618650305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019985","name":"University of Carthage","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012523","name":"Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Plantago major<\/jats:italic> L. and <jats:italic>Plantago lagopus<\/jats:italic> L. are cosmopolitan species, belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, used in traditional and modern medicine. In this study, a phytochemical evaluation of different aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of both species from the region of Beja in Tunisia was performed. Some biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial were also done. LC-MS qualitative analysis revealed that the aqueous extracts of the roots of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lagopus<\/jats:italic> were richer in polyphenols, mainly flavonoids (Luteoline 7-rutinoside, Luteoline 7-rhamnoside) and hydroxycinnamic acids including caffeic acid, than the hydro-ethanolic extracts. Additionally, we identified for the first time the presence of salicylic acid in the hot aqueous extracts of roots of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lagopus<\/jats:italic> and its absence in the roots of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>major<\/jats:italic>. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), revealing that the voltammograms of leaf and root extracts from <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lagopus<\/jats:italic> exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity compared to those of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>major<\/jats:italic>. Antiproliferative activity, was determined against two-colon cancer cell lines, demonstrated that only the 12 h treatments with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lagopus<\/jats:italic> leaf and root aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts at low concentration were able to significantly reduce the colon carcinoma coli-2 (CaCo-2) cells proliferation. The antibacterial \/antibiofilm activity was performed on yeast, Gram- negative and +positive bacterial strains. We demonstrated for the first time that ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lagopus<\/jats:italic> have an inhibitory activity against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumonia<\/jats:italic> at MIC = 2 \u03bcg\/mL for leaves and 4 \u03bcg\/mL for roots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T18:24:38Z","timestamp":1709231078000},"page":"e0298518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phytochemical evaluation and exploration of some biological activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of two species of the genus Plantago L."],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7408-8899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anouar","family":"Bouali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ylenia","family":"Spissu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Barberis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Fadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Azara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germano","family":"Orr\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Scano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-2276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2622-3256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guy","family":"D\u2019hallewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-5186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H\u00e9la El Ferchichi","family":"Ouarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0298518.ref001","first-page":"51","article-title":"Classification of Turkish Plantago L. species using numerical taxonomy","volume":"29","author":"B Tutel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Turk. 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