{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T05:27:01Z","timestamp":1745990821847,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-17-2665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-17-2665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-21-1-2276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Episodic increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are thought to contribute to improved cerebrovascular function and health. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) may be a useful modality to increase CBF secondary to the hydrostatic pressure placed on the body. However, it is unclear whether water temperatures common to the general public elicit similar cerebrovascular responses. We tested the hypothesis that mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>) and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (CVR<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>) would be higher during an acute bout of thermoneutral (TN; 35\u00b0C) vs. cool (COOL; 25\u00b0C) HOWI. Ten healthy participants (age: 23\u00b13 y; 4 women) completed two randomized HOWI visits. Right MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>, end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) mean arterial pressure (MAP), and MCA conductance (MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\/MAP) were continuously recorded. CVR<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> was assessed using a stepped hypercapnia protocol before (PRE), at 30 minutes of HOWI (HOWI), immediately after HOWI (POST-1), and 45 minutes after HOWI (POST-2). Absolute values are reported as mean \u00b1 SD. MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>, PETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, MAP, and CVR<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> were not different between conditions at any timepoint (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u22650.17). In COOL, MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> increased from PRE (61\u00b19 cm\/s) during HOWI (68\u00b111 cm\/s), at POST-1 (69\u00b111 cm\/s), and POST-2 (72\u00b18 cm\/s) (all P&lt;0.01), and in TN from PRE to POST-1 (66\u00b113 vs. 71\u00b114 cm\/s; P = 0.05). PETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> did not change over time in either condition. In COOL, MAP increased from PRE (85\u00b15 mmHg) during HOWI (101\u00b14 mmHg), at POST-1 (97\u00b17 mmHg), and POST-2 (96\u00b19 mmHg), and in TN from PRE (88\u00b15 mmHg) at HOWI (98\u00b17 mmHg) and POST-1 (99\u00b18 mmHg) (all P&lt;0.01). In COOL, CVR<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> increased from PRE to HOWI (1.66\u00b10.55 vs. 1.92\u00b10.52 cm\/s\/mmHg; P = 0.04). MCA conductance was not different between or within conditions. These data indicate that 30 minutes of cool HOWI augments MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> and that the increase in MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> persists beyond cool HOWI. However, cool HOWI does not alter CVR<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> in healthy young adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T17:36:18Z","timestamp":1710351378000},"page":"e0298587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cool head-out water immersion does not alter cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia despite elevated middle cerebral artery blood velocity: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-2580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Morgan L.","family":"Worley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8870-4699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma 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