{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T17:51:38Z","timestamp":1792864298410,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VASCage \u2013 Centre on Clinical Stroke Research","award":["898252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["898252"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the impact of maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a cohort of 14- to 19-year-old adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is part of the Early Vascular Ageing in the YOUth study, a single-center cross-sectional study conducted in western Austria. Maternal and neonatal factors were extracted from the mother-child booklet, adolescent factors were evaluated by a face-to-face interview, physical examination, and fasting blood analyses. Liver fat content was assessed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using signals acquired by FibroScan\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (Echosense, Paris, France). The association of maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors with CAP values was analyzed using linear regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 595 adolescents (27.2% male) aged 17.0 \u00b1 1.3 years were included. 4.9% (n = 29) showed manifest NAFLD with CAP values above the 90\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile. Male sex (p &lt; 0.001), adolescent triglyceride levels (p = 0.021), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index and BMI z-score (p &lt; 0.001, each) showed a significant association with liver fat content in the multivariable analysis. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with CAP values after adjustment for sex, age, and birth weight for gestational age (p &lt; 0.001), but this association was predominantly mediated by adolescent BMI (indirect effect b = 1.18, 95% CI [0.69, 1.77]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Components of the metabolic syndrome were the most important predictors of adolescent liver fat content. Therefore, prevention of NAFLD should focus on lifestyle modification in childhood and adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1708608488000},"page":"e0298800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young people: Maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2825-4187","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes","family":"Nairz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-5130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"Messner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Zollner-Kiechl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Winder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0415-6873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christoph","family":"Hochmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Griesmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Griesmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Pechlaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Knoflach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0433-6196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ursula","family":"Kiechl-Kohlendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Early Vascular Ageing in the YOUth (EVA4YOU) Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1212","article-title":"Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents","volume":"118","author":"JB Schwimmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091983","article-title":"Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: invasive versus noninvasive","volume":"28","author":"A Wieckowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0298800.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association","volume":"55","author":"N Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0298800.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140908","article-title":"The Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"10","author":"EL Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0298800.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.41","article-title":"Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis.","volume":"10","author":"QM Anstee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0298800.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320622","article-title":"NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications","volume":"69","author":"G Targher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00325-1","article-title":"Obesity, insulin resistance, and other clinicopathological correlates of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"143","author":"JB Schwimmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0298800.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005661516165","article-title":"Fatty infiltration of liver in hyperlipidemic patients","volume":"45","author":"N Assy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1822","article-title":"TM6SF2: A Novel Genetic Player in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Cardiovascular Disease.","volume":"6","author":"F Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.12.008","article-title":"Hepatic TM6SF2 Is Required for Lipidation of VLDL in a Pre-Golgi Compartment in Mice and Rats","volume":"13","author":"F Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0298800.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"S Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.09.012","article-title":"Population-based genome-wide association studies reveal six loci influencing plasma levels of liver enzymes","volume":"83","author":"X Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0298800.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.160","article-title":"Developmental origins of NAFLD: a womb with a clue.","volume":"14","author":"SR Wesolowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.014","article-title":"Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"I Querter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0298800.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.12.022","article-title":"Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis.","volume":"66","author":"T Karlas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01441-6","article-title":"Defining values for controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness in youth without liver disease","volume":"91","author":"R Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants","volume":"13","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref018","volume-title":"\u00d6sterreichische Beikostempfehlungen.","author":"K Schindler","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703","article-title":"Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association\u2019s strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond","volume":"121","author":"DM Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-015-9325-3","article-title":"A new version of the HBSC Family Affluence Scale\u2014FAS III: Scottish Qualitative Findings from the International FAS Development Study.","volume":"9","author":"JE Hartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s001120170107","article-title":"Perzentile f\u00fcr den body-mass-index f\u00fcr das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben.","volume":"149","author":"K Kromeyer-Hauschild","year":"2001","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilk."},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/17477166.2010.490267","article-title":"Nationally representative waist circumference percentiles in German adolescents aged 11.0\u201318.0 years","volume":"6","author":"K Kromeyer-Hauschild","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0298800.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1290","article-title":"Blood pressure percentiles by age and height from nonoverweight children and adolescents in Germany","volume":"127","author":"HK Neuhauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572490","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.572490","article-title":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling.","volume":"11","author":"S. Della Torre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0298800.ref025","article-title":"Sex Hormone-Dependent Physiology and Diseases of Liver.","volume":"17","author":"P Kur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0298800.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.05.021","article-title":"Short-Term Fasting Reveals Amino Acid Metabolism as a Major Sex-Discriminating Factor in the Liver.","volume":"28","author":"S Della Torre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.12.009","article-title":"Hepatic ER\u03b1 accounts for sex differences in the ability to cope with an excess of dietary lipids","volume":"32","author":"C Meda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0298800.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16199","article-title":"Overweight and obesity status from the prenatal period to adolescence and its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young adults: cohort study","volume":"127","author":"A Cantoral","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.029","article-title":"Infant nutrition and maternal obesity influence the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents","volume":"67","author":"OT Ayonrinde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0298800.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.017","article-title":"Intrahepatic fat is increased in the neonatal offspring of obese women with gestational diabetes","volume":"162","author":"DE Brumbaugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318225f9b1","article-title":"The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content","volume":"70","author":"N Modi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100206","article-title":"Association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding with NAFLD in young adults: a parental negative control study","volume":"10","author":"KW Abeysekera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0298800.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.06.045","article-title":"Maternal obesity increases the risk and severity of NAFLD in offspring","volume":"75","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0298800.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.12.042","article-title":"Maternal obesity during pregnancy and lactation programs the development of offspring non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"52","author":"JA Oben","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26248","article-title":"Maternal obesity programs offspring nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by innate immune dysfunction in mice","volume":"58","author":"A Mouralidarane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0298800.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12506","article-title":"Childhood consequences of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy.","volume":"93","author":"R Gaillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0298800.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0085-7","article-title":"Maternal obesity during pregnancy and cardiovascular development and disease in the offspring","volume":"30","author":"R. Gaillard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0298800.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0585-y","article-title":"Association of maternal diabetes\/glycosuria and pre-pregnancy body mass index with offspring indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"S Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29347","article-title":"Sex differences between parental pregnancy characteristics and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents","volume":"67","author":"OT Ayonrinde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0298800.ref040","article-title":"Whole-body and hepatic insulin resistance in obese children.","volume":"9","author":"LeR Ibarra-Reynoso","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.04.018","article-title":"Weight trajectories through infancy and childhood and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescence: the ALSPAC study","volume":"61","author":"EL Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12666","article-title":"Childhood adiposity trajectories and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents","volume":"30","author":"OT Ayonrinde","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1424-4","article-title":"Customized versus population birth weight charts for identification of newborns at risk of long-term adverse cardio-metabolic and respiratory outcomes: a population-based prospective cohort study.","volume":"17","author":"JS Erkamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.198","article-title":"Liver volume and hepatic adiposity in childhood: relations to body growth and visceral fat","volume":"42","author":"R Malpique","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0298800.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu443","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults who were born preterm","volume":"181","author":"M Sipola-Lepp\u00e4nen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000437054","article-title":"Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm","volume":"84","author":"LM Breij","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0677-7","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its associations among adolescents in an urban, Sri Lankan community.","volume":"17","author":"S Rajindrajith","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28697","article-title":"Histological severity and clinical outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese patients","volume":"65","author":"JC Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0298800.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2012.11.002","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"52","author":"G Musso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298800.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000080","article-title":"Fatty acid sources and their fluxes as they contribute to plasma triglyceride concentrations and fatty liver in humans","volume":"25","author":"MM Jacome-Sosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0298800.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210791208875","article-title":"Insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"E Bugianesi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0298800","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T20:23:34Z","timestamp":1764966214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0298800"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0298800","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]}}}