{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:54:51Z","timestamp":1787928891102,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.798670\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.798670\/2022-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["151325\/2019-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151325\/2019-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>While several studies have investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and biochemical parameters, the results are still inconsistent and mostly overlook seasonal variations. This study explored the relationships between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, biochemical markers, and seasonal variation among young males and females.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 individuals aged 18\u201324 years of both sexes residing in Brasilia, Brazil (latitude: 15\u00b0S). Sociodemographic variables, season of blood collection, and serum levels of 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were included. Descriptive statistics and differences among groups, correlations, and linear regression tests were performed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean age of the participants was 21.17\u00b11.7 years, and the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 25.76\u00b17.0 ng\/mL. Of the participants, 50.7% had vitamin D insufficiency (20 to 29.9 ng\/mL), and 23.2% were vitamin D deficient (\u226420 ng\/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was higher in the spring (53.2%) and among females (29.5%). In young men with vitamin D insufficiency\/deficiency (\u226429.9 ng\/mL) (n = 49), 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with HOMA-\u03b2 (r = -0.234, p = 0.032) and triglyceride (r = -0.415, p = 0.003) levels. However, there were no significant correlations between 25(OH)D concentrations and biochemical markers among women with insufficient and deficient vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study found a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency\/deficiency among young individuals living in Bras\u00edlia, Brazil, particularly women and during the spring season. Our findings suggest that lower 25(OH)D levels (\u226429.9 ng\/mL) may be associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in young men studied. However, further studies with larger representative samples are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between vitamin D and biochemical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T17:30:21Z","timestamp":1711733421000},"page":"e0298862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seasonal and sex-related variation in vitamin D status and its association with other biochemical markers in young individuals: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marcela Moraes","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8232-7653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ma\u00edsa Miranda","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Borges","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00eania Mara Baiocchi","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0298862.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0298862.ref002","unstructured":"SBPC\/ML e SBEM. 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