{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:24:27Z","timestamp":1785306267677,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["218463\/Z\/19\/Z and 218463\/Z\/19\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["218463\/Z\/19\/Z and 218463\/Z\/19\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIS) involve administering human pathogens to healthy participants in controlled medical settings, which can elicit complex bioethical issues. Understanding how the community perceives such studies can significantly increase the participant\u2019s sense of cooperation and increases the researcher\u2019s and the participant\u2019s transparency. The current study describes the development of an educational intervention to achieve these ends as it aims to (1) analyze perceptions of the Controlled Human Infection Studies (CHIS), and (2) evaluate the participants\u2019 comprehension of the CHIS. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This is a qualitative action research that includes the development of an educational intervention with residents of a rural area in Minas Gerais, Brazil, where there is continuous natural transmission of the human pathogen <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic> (\u201chookworm\u201d). In this area, it is intended to carry out a proposed phase 3 vaccine clinical trial in the future to test the efficacy of hookworm vaccines using controlled human infection. Two data collection strategies were used: an educational intervention and a focus group. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The participants\u2019 perceptions showed distinct perspectives on CHIS. On one side, they recognized that the investigation is essential for the community, but on the other side, they thought that there would be resistance to its conduct by fear of infection. The idea that the study would generate a benefit for the greater good, contributing to the prevention of hookworm infection, was clearly stated. The participants perceived that the study offered concrete risks that could be reduced by constant monitoring by the researchers. They also mentioned the importance of access to information and the positive influence those who express interest in participating in the study can exert in the community. In relation to comprehension the participants memorized the information, mobilized it to explain everyday situations and created strategies to disseminate the study and engage the community in its development. By repeating and making sense of the information, the participant not only assimilates the knowledge transmitted, but also creates new knowledge. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: We concluded that an educational process of discussion and dialogue around participants\u2019 perceptions about the CHIS, promotes understanding and allows ways to disseminate information about the research to be collectively created.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T17:29:55Z","timestamp":1717435795000},"page":"e0299022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Public engagement for the conduct of a controlled human infection study testing vaccines against Necator americanus (hookworm) in areas of active hookworm transmission in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7339-6438","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luciene Barra","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-7291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Gazzinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helton da Costa","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Ara\u00fajo","family":"Fiuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Correa de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fl\u00e1via","family":"Gazzinelli Bethony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0299022.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12802","article-title":"Ethical issues surrounding controlled human infection challenge studies in endemic low-and middle-income countries.","volume":"34","author":"E Jamrozik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0299022.ref002","first-page":"3","article-title":"The utility of human challenge studies in vaccine development: lessons learned from cholera","volume":"2011","author":"DA Shirley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine (Auckl)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0299022.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2902","article-title":"Experimental human challenge infections can accelerate clinical malaria vaccine development","volume":"11","author":"RW Sauerwein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0299022.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16432.1","article-title":"Engagement of ethics and regulatory authorities on human infection studies: Proceedings of an engagement workshop in Zambia.","volume":"6","author":"EM Kunda-Ng\u2019andu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"pone.0299022.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12256.1","article-title":"A framework for Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIS) studies in Malawi: Report of a Wellcome Trust workshop on CHIS in Low-Income Countries held in Blantyre, Malawi.","volume":"2","author":"SB Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0299022.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237123","article-title":"Ethical challenges of digital health technologies: Aadhaar, India","volume":"98","author":"V Gopichandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pone.0299022.ref007","volume-title":"WHO guidance on the ethical conduct of controlled human infection studies","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0299022.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2014114","article-title":"The potential for a controlled human infection platform in Singapore.","volume":"55","author":"S Balasingam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Singapore Med J."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0299022.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.20529\/IJME.2018.087","article-title":"Public engagement in the context of a CHIS study.","volume":"3","author":"M. 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