{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:04:38Z","timestamp":1791576278247,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit","award":["JSDW202229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSDW202229"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has been associated with various chronic conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gaining a deep understanding of early-onset AGA may enable earlier intervention in individuals at high risks. This scoping review aims to explore the risk factors and etiology, associated conditions, and adverse effects on wellbeing in early-onset AGA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Electronic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRIAL. Eligible studies included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, and meta-analysis studies. Selected studies needed to clearly define early-onset AGA cases or include only cases starting before the age of 40 and compare them with appropriate controls. The exclusion criteria comprised editorials, commentaries, case series, and non-systematic reviews, among others. Data extraction involved collecting study characteristics, methodologies, main outcomes, and findings. Descriptive tables were used to summarize key information and relevant variables when necessary.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the 65 eligible articles, 67.69% were case-control studies and 78.46% evaluated only male patients. \u201cEarly-onset\u201d was defined as cases developing before the age of 30 years in 43.08% of the studies. The Hamilton\u2013Norwood scale was the most frequently used method for evaluating the severity of alopecia in men (69.23%). Reported risk factors for early-onset AGA included a family history of AGA, cigarette smoking, unhealthy dietary habits, and a high body mass index. Early-onset AGA may also be associated with hormonal profiles, 5\u03b1-reductase enzyme activity, androgen receptor genes, and some susceptibility loci. Comorbidities investigated included MetS, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Men with early-onset AGA may have reduced treatment efficacy with drug like rosuvastatin, metformin or lisinopril for dyslipidemia, prediabetes, or hypertension. Additionally, young men with AGA tended to suffer from psychological issues such as anxiety and low self-esteem compared to those without hair loss.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Early-onset AGA is a complex condition with various risk factors and etiology, associated comorbidities, and potential implications for treatment response and psychological health.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T18:38:06Z","timestamp":1709836686000},"page":"e0299212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Factors associated with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4445-8403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Adumo","family":"Wariboko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0299212.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01880-x","article-title":"Androgenetic Alopecia: Therapy Update.","volume":"83","author":"S Devjani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.58554","article-title":"Reliability of hamilton-norwood classification","volume":"1","author":"M Guarrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"International journal of trichology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15179.x","article-title":"Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia (common baldness) occurring in the female sex","volume":"97","author":"E. Ludwig","year":"1977","journal-title":"The British journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.1776","article-title":"A Comparison of the Hormonal Profile of Early Androgenetic Alopecia in Men With the Phenotypic Equivalent of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women","volume":"152","author":"S Sanke","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12300","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in early-onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"16","author":"H Kaya Erdogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02763-X","article-title":"Early androgenetic alopecia as a marker of insulin resistance","volume":"356","author":"V Matilainen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09588.x","article-title":"Hypertension and aldosterone levels in women with early-onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"162","author":"S Arias-Santiago","year":"2010","journal-title":"The British journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002746","article-title":"Six novel susceptibility Loci for early-onset androgenetic alopecia and their unexpected association with common diseases","volume":"8","author":"R Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS genetics"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S326812","article-title":"Association Between Androgenic Alopecia and Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of Han Chinese Male Population.","volume":"14","author":"YX Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"International journal of general medicine"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref010","first-page":"675","article-title":"Prevalence of early-onset androgenetic alopecia and its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits","volume":"156","author":"E Agaoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Italian journal of dermatology and venereology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref011","first-page":"15","article-title":"The Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Male Pattern Hair Loss in Young Men.","author":"X Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14373","article-title":"Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of female pattern hair loss among secondary school girls: A cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"SME Youssef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13799","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13799","article-title":"Cross sectional quality of life assessment in patients with androgenetic alopecia.","volume":"33","author":"LT Elsaie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatologic therapy."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_6_19","article-title":"Quality of Life Assessment in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia.","volume":"11","author":"S Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of trichology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00645","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v101.1012","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Androgenetic Alopecia.","volume":"102","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta dermato-venereologica."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.09.009","article-title":"Alopecia and the metabolic syndrome.","volume":"36","author":"C Lie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinics in dermatology."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.171566","article-title":"Is Early Onset Androgenic Alopecia a Marker of Metabolic Syndrome and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Young Indian Male Patients?","volume":"7","author":"HS Banger","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of trichology."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref018","first-page":"18","article-title":"Early Androgenetic Alopecia as a Predictor of Ischemic Heart Disease","volume":"4","author":"NE Mohamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.023","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia as an early marker of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"66","author":"S Arias-Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation.","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of internal medicine"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13727","article-title":"Implications of cigarette smoking on early-onset androgenetic alopecia: A cross-sectional Study","volume":"20","author":"AS Salem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.160507","article-title":"Study of the International Epidemiology of Androgenetic Alopecia in Young Caucasian Men Using Photographs From the Internet","volume":"60","author":"YS Avital","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.05.005","article-title":"Analysis of familial factors using the basic and specific (BASP) classification in Korean patients with androgenetic alopecia.","volume":"65","author":"WS Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7770","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.913116","article-title":"Serum Levels of Androgen-Associated Hormones Are Correlated with Curative Effect in Androgenic Alopecia in Young Men","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56999-4","article-title":"Alterations in androgen conjugate levels in women and men with alopecia","volume":"62","author":"RS Legro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertility and sterility"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1798-0","article-title":"5alpha-Reductase isozymes and aromatase mRNA levels in plucked hair from young women with female pattern hair loss","volume":"310","author":"P Sanchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of dermatological research"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00224.x","article-title":"Genetic analysis of male pattern baldness and the 5alpha-reductase genes","volume":"110","author":"JA Ellis","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of investigative dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1086\/431425","article-title":"Genetic variation in the human androgen receptor gene is the major determinant of common early-onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"77","author":"AM Hillmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"American journal of human genetics"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2022.02.011","article-title":"Early onset female pattern hair loss: A case-control study for analyzing clinical features and genetic variants","volume":"106","author":"J Ohn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of dermatological science"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.220","article-title":"Prediction of male-pattern baldness from genotypes. European journal of human genetics","volume":"24","author":"F Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"EJHG"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12335779","article-title":"Different levels of 5alpha-reductase type I and II, aromatase, and androgen receptor in hair follicles of women and men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"109","author":"ME Sawaya","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of investigative dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2021.2013539","article-title":"A study on relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk using high sensitivity C-reactive protein and galectin-3 in men with early onset baldness.","volume":"27","author":"M Sozen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomarkers: biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_724_16","article-title":"The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia in Males: A Case-Control Study","volume":"64","author":"MR Swaroop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref034","first-page":"115","article-title":"Evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin level and parameters related with oxidative stress in early onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"51","author":"N H\u00fclya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turkderm-Turk Arch Dermatol Venereology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref035","first-page":"106","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: a case-control study","volume":"25","author":"S Prodip","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref036","first-page":"123","article-title":"Association of Early-onset Androgenetic Alopecia and Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons\u2014Pakistan","volume":"31","author":"FZ Sheikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCPSP"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_100_19","article-title":"YKL-40 A Sensitive Biomarker for Early Androgenetic Alopecia and Early Hidden Metabolic Syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"DM Elhabak","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of trichology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5336\/dermato.2018-63562","article-title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Early Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Control Study from a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.","volume":"28","author":"A Mahtab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.174421","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in androgenic alopecia.","volume":"82","author":"H Gopinath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2015.1111021","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia as an indicator of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk","volume":"25","author":"R Ertas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood pressure"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.138586","article-title":"Association of premature androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome in a young Indian population","volume":"6","author":"S Chakrabarty","year":"2014","journal-title":"International journal of trichology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref042","first-page":"947","article-title":"Association of early-onset androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome in Thai men: a case-control study","volume":"96","author":"N Pengsalae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref043","first-page":"931","article-title":"The association of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in early androgenetic alopecia","volume":"51","author":"F Acibucu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singapore medical journal"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.018","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk factors in men and women: a comparative study","volume":"63","author":"S Arias-Santiago","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/174182670100800305","article-title":"Early onset of androgenetic alopecia associated with early severe coronary heart disease: a population-based, case-control study.","volume":"8","author":"VA Matilainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of cardiovascular risk."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12871","article-title":"Severity of Alopecia Predicts Coronary Changes and Arterial Stiffness in Untreated Hypertensive Men","volume":"19","author":"H Triantafyllidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of clinical hypertension"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref047","first-page":"79","article-title":"The investigation of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in male patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia. European journal of dermatology","volume":"21","author":"C Mumcuoglu","year":"2011","journal-title":"EJD"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03508.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance in young men","volume":"71","author":"JG Gonzalez-Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_949_2021","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic characteristics of males with early-onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"89","author":"K Vinay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.05.002","article-title":"Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of hyperglycemia in patients with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"65","author":"S Arias-Santiago","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08528-3","article-title":"Glycolipid and Hormonal Profiles in Young Men with Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: A meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"R Cannarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific reports."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12783","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma in non-obese women with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"54","author":"OA Bakry","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0926","article-title":"A comparative study of dyslipidaemia in men and woman with androgenic alopecia.","volume":"90","author":"S Arias-Santiago","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta dermato-venereologica."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.09.036","article-title":"Higher body mass index is associated with greater severity of alopecia in men with male-pattern androgenetic alopecia in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"70","author":"CC Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000098570","article-title":"Obesity and low-grade inflammation among young Finnish men with early-onset alopecia","volume":"214","author":"P Hirsso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-017-0981-0","article-title":"Early-onset baldness and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer: findings from a case-control study.","volume":"29","author":"NP Papa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer causes & control: CCC."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2010.02.003","article-title":"Male pattern baldness and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study","volume":"34","author":"JL Wright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq695","article-title":"Male pattern baldness and the risk of prostate cancer","volume":"22","author":"M Yassa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of oncology: official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.51248\/.v42i6.1925","article-title":"Is early onset androgenetic alopecia related to hyperuricemia? A case control study.","volume":"42","author":"L Ghoshal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13401","article-title":"Hyperuricemia is associated with androgenetic alopecia in men: A cross-sectional case-control study","volume":"19","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942126","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1942126","article-title":"Increased DHEAS and Decreased Total Testosterone Serum Levels in a Subset of Men with Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: Does a Male PCOS-Equivalent Exist?","volume":"2020","author":"R Cannarella","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70075-9","article-title":"Serum elevation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate associated with male pattern baldness in young men","volume":"16","author":"RL Pitts","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt096","article-title":"Early-onset alopecia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cohort study","volume":"178","author":"E Fondell","year":"2013","journal-title":"American journal of epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref064","first-page":"26","article-title":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Rosuvastatin-Treated Men with Mixed Dyslipidemia and Early-Onset Androgenic Alopecia.","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00347-8","article-title":"Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia.","volume":"74","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacological reports: PR."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2088","article-title":"Pituitary Effects of Metformin in Men With Early-Onset Androgenic Alopecia.","volume":"62","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e738","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001113","article-title":"Impact of Lisinopril on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Men With Hypertension and Early-onset Androgenetic Alopecia: A Pilot Study","volume":"78","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2021.0071","article-title":"The impact of levothyroxine on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism and early-onset androgenetic alopecia","volume":"72","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endokrynologia Polska"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref069","first-page":"1439","article-title":"The impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with autoimmune thyroiditis and early-onset androgenic alopecia. Pharmacological reports","volume":"73","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"PR"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2163","article-title":"Impaired Cardiometabolic Effects of Bromocriptine in Men With Early-Onset Androgenic Alopecia.","volume":"63","author":"R Krysiak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.2196","article-title":"Health-Related Quality of Life, Depression, and Self-esteem in Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"CH Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03030.x","article-title":"The psychosocial consequences of androgenetic alopecia: a review of the research literature","volume":"141","author":"TF Cash","year":"1999","journal-title":"The British journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref073","first-page":"406","article-title":"Impact of Androgenetic Alopecia on the Psychological Health of young men.","volume":"12","author":"M DANYAL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref074","first-page":"e35607","article-title":"The Association of Depression, Loneliness, and Internet Addiction Levels in Male Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Students With Androgenetic Alopecia Male Pattern Baldness in a Medical College in Kolar, India.","volume":"15","author":"H TSR Prasanna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref075","first-page":"42","article-title":"Psychosocial Impairment as a Possible Cause of Sexual Dysfunction among Young Men with Mild Androgenetic Alopecia: A Cross-sectional Crowdsourcing Web-based Study.","volume":"24","author":"A Molina-Leyva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica: ADC."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14423","article-title":"Types of hairline recession in androgenetic alopecia and perceptions of aging in Asian males","volume":"58","author":"Q Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047791","article-title":"Active smoking and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.","volume":"7","author":"K Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00784-2","article-title":"Association between life-course cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome: a discovery-replication strategy.","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetology & metabolic syndrome."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref079","first-page":"12","article-title":"Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.","author":"S Castro-Barquero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01052-7","article-title":"Mediterranean diet lowers all-cause and cardiovascular mortality for patients with metabolic syndrome.","volume":"15","author":"H Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetology & metabolic syndrome."},{"key":"pone.0299212.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944717711379","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology, management, and modulation by natural compounds.","volume":"11","author":"Y Rochlani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T18:38:53Z","timestamp":1709836733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299212"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Surangi","family":"Jayakody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299212","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}}}