{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1740146916335,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002706","name":"AFA Insurance","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Torsten and Ragnar S\u00f6derbergs Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Stockholm County Council"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"the Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Early life factors may predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the pathways are still unclear. There is emerging evidence of an association of early life factors with apolipoproteins, which are linked to CVD. The study objective was to assess the associations between birth variables and adult apolipoproteins (apoA1 and apoB, and their ratio) in a population-based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The LifeGene Study is a prospective cohort comprising index participants randomly sampled from the general population. Blood samples were collected between 2009 and 2016. In this sub-study, we used birth variables, obtained from a national registry for all participants born 1973 or later, including birth weight and gestational age, while adult CVD risk factors included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), lipids, and smoking history. We employed univariate and multivariate general linear regression to explore associations between birth variables, lipid levels and other adult CVD risk factors. The outcomes included non-fasting apoA1 and apoB and their ratio, as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides. A total of 10,093 participants with both birth information and lipoprotein levels at screening were included. Of these, nearly 42.5% were men (n = 4292) and 57.5% were women (n = 5801).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean (standard deviation) age of men was 30.2 (5.7) years, and for women 28.9 (5.8) years. There was an increase of 0.022 g\/L in apoA1 levels per 1 kg increase in birth weight (p = 0.005) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, gestational age, and smoking history. Similarly, there was a decrease of 0.023 g\/L in apoB levels per 1 kg increase in birth weight (p&lt;0.001) after adjusting for the same variables. There were inverse associations of birth weight with the apoB\/apoA1 ratio. No independent association was found with total cholesterol, but with triglyceride levels (\u1e9e-coefficient (95% Confidence Interval); <jats:bold>-<\/jats:bold>0.067 (-0.114, -0.021); p-value 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lower birth weight was associated with an adverse adult apolipoprotein pattern, i.e., a higher apoB\/apoA1 ratio, indicating increased risk of future CVD manifestations. The study highlights the need of preconception care and pregnancy interventions that aim at improving maternal and child outcomes with long-term impacts for prevention of cardiovascular disease by influencing lipid levels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T18:33:21Z","timestamp":1709318001000},"page":"e0299725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between birth weight and adult apolipoproteins: The LifeGene cohort"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5064-4782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shantanu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Bennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agne","family":"Laucyte-Cibulskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Christensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-8459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter M.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0299725.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813553-2.00013-0","volume-title":"Mechanisms and manifestations of obesity in lung disease","author":"DM Figueroa","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0299725.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00613-5","article-title":"Apolipoproteins in vascular biology and atherosclerotic disease","volume":"19","author":"A Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0299725.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11100690","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target","volume":"11","author":"J Behbodikhah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"pone.0299725.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61076-4","article-title":"Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): a case-control study","volume":"372","author":"MJ McQueen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0299725.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003853","article-title":"Long-term risk of a major cardiovascular event by apoB, apoA-1, and the apoB\/apoA-1 ratio-Experience from the Swedish AMORIS cohort: A cohort study","volume":"18","author":"G Walldius","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0299725.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030211","article-title":"Lifestyle and Dietary Determinants of Serum Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein B Concentrations: Cross-Sectional Analyses within a Swedish Cohort of 24,984 Individuals","volume":"9","author":"K Frondelius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0299725.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788852","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.788852","article-title":"Genetic Regulatory Networks of Apolipoproteins and Associated Medical Risks","volume":"8","author":"P Basavaraju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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