{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1788926829501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its correlation underscore its impact on a significant segment of the population. Notably contagious, VZV serves as a risk factor for the manifestation of HIV\/AIDS, with its reactivation often signaling the onset of immunodeficiency. Recognizing the concurrent existence of these two diseases, this study focuses on the co-infection dynamics through a deterministic mathematical model. The population is categorized into seven exclusive groups, considering the complexities arising from the interplay of HIV and Zoster. We establish the non-negativity and boundedness of solutions, examine equilibrium points, calculate basic reproduction numbers via the next-generation matrix approach, and analyze the existence and local stabilities of equilibriums using the Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria. The numerical simulations reveal that the model converges to an endemic equilibrium point when the reproduction number exceeds unity. The primary objectives of this study are to comprehensively understand the transmission dynamics of HIV and Zoster in a co-infected population and to provide valuable insights for developing effective intervention strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing these co-infections to mitigate their impact on public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T18:36:41Z","timestamp":1709318201000},"page":"e0299734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A mathematical model for varicella-zoster and HIV co-dynamic supported by numerical simulations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-0921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Belela Samuel","family":"Kotola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0299734.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9968832","article-title":"\"Effect of Intervention of Vaccination and Treatment on the Transmission Dynamics of HBV Disease: A Mathematical Model Analysis","author":"Wodajo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematics"},{"issue":"12023","key":"pone.0299734.ref002","first-page":"2175920","article-title":"A dynamical analysis and numerical simulation of COVID-19 and HIV\/AIDS co-infection with intervention strategies","volume":"17","author":"Teklu","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Dynamics"},{"issue":"12020","key":"pone.0299734.ref003","first-page":"12","article-title":"Modeling the transmission dynamics of varicella in Hungary","volume":"10","author":"J\u00e1nos Karsai","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry"},{"issue":"2022","key":"pone.0299734.ref004","first-page":"5998","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of varicella before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modelling study","volume":"6","author":"Ayako Suzuki","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19"},{"issue":"102021","key":"pone.0299734.ref005","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Recent issues in varicella-zoster virus latency","volume":"13","author":"Peter GE Kennedy","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"22022","key":"pone.0299734.ref006","first-page":"192","article-title":"Herpes zoster: a review of clinical manifestations and management","volume":"14","author":"Anant Patil","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pone.0299734.ref007","article-title":"Investigating the Effects of Intervention Strategies on Pneumonia and HIV\/AIDS Coinfection Model","author":"Shewafera Wondimagegnhu Teklu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"pone.0299734.ref008","article-title":"Appraisal and Simulation on Codynamics of Pneumonia and Meningitis with Vaccination Intervention: From a Mathematical Model Perspective","author":"Belela Samuel Kotola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0299734.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, and Belela Samuel Kotola. \"The Impact of Protection Measures and Treatment on Pneumonia Infection: A Mathematical Model Analysis Supported by Numerical Simulation.\" bioRxiv (2022): 2022\u201302.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.02.21.481255"},{"key":"pone.0299734.ref010","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS-Pneumonia Codynamics Model Analysis with Vaccination and Treatment","author":"Shewafera Wondimagegnhu Teklu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"issue":"2022","key":"pone.0299734.ref011","first-page":"463","article-title":"Numerical solutions and geometric attractors of a fractional model of the cancer-immune based on the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative and the reproducing kernel scheme","volume":"80","author":"Banan Maayah","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Physics"},{"issue":"2020","key":"pone.0299734.ref012","first-page":"482","article-title":"\"Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV).\"","volume":"26","author":"Peter GE Kennedy","journal-title":"Journal of NeuroVirology"},{"issue":"2022","key":"pone.0299734.ref013","first-page":"37","article-title":"Fractional modeling for improving scholastic performance of students with optimal control","volume":"1","author":"Abdullahi Yusuf","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics 8"},{"key":"pone.0299734.ref014","first-page":"100134","article-title":"Insight into the Treatment Strategy on Pneumonia Transmission with Asymptotic Carrier Stage using Fractional Order Modelling Approach","author":"Shewafera Wondimagegnhu Teklu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update"},{"issue":"2023","key":"pone.0299734.ref015","first-page":"1663","article-title":"The Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations of Varicella\u2013Zoster Virus Reactivation","volume":"8","author":"Peter GE Kennedy","journal-title":"Viruses 15"},{"issue":"62022","key":"pone.0299734.ref016","first-page":"2675","article-title":"Varicella\u2010zoster virus reactivation is frequently detected in HIV\u2010infected individuals presenting with stroke","volume":"94","author":"Gert Marais","journal-title":"Journal of medical virology"},{"issue":"22019","key":"pone.0299734.ref017","first-page":"103","article-title":"Current in vitro models to study varicella zoster virus latency and reactivation","volume":"11","author":"Nicholas L. Baird","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0299734.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28307","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28307","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus reactivation following COVID\u201019 vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A cross\u2010sectional Chinese study of 318 cases","volume":"95","author":"J. Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"52022","key":"pone.0299734.ref019","first-page":"982","article-title":"The biology of varicella-zoster virus replication in the skin","volume":"14","author":"Cristina Tommasi","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2022","key":"pone.0299734.ref020","first-page":"1342","article-title":"Real\u2010world evidence from over one million COVID\u201019 vaccinations is consistent with reactivation of the varicella\u2010zoster virus","volume":"8","author":"M. Hertel","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 36"},{"issue":"2023","key":"pone.0299734.ref021","first-page":"100231","article-title":"A fractional derivative modeling study for measles infection with double dose vaccination","volume":"4","author":"Olumuyiwa James Peter","journal-title":"Healthcare Analytics"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T18:36:55Z","timestamp":1709318215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299734"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tai-Heng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0299734","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}