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The Iberian Peninsula is characterised by a great diversity of environments, which undoubtedly influenced these dynamics. At the beginning of the Neolithic period these led the possibility to combine diverse livestock farming practices based on different animal feeding habits. This variability is also consistent with the rythms of adoption of domesticated animals, being later on the northern area. In order to address this issue, this work focuses on the dietary regimes of early sheep herds from southern Iberia, an area for which information is currently scarce. This study utilises high-resolution radiocarbon dating and stable isotope data on teeth to investigate sheep husbandry management strategies in Cueva de El Toro (Antequera, M\u00e1laga). The radiocarbon dates on the analysed remains evidenced they were deposited at the site over a short period, supporting the recurrent use of the cave. The sequential analysis of oxygen and carbon isotopes in tooth enamel reveals distinct livestock management strategies, reproduction patterns, feeding habits, and mobility during this short period. This variability demonstrates that livestock management practices in the western Mediterranean are more diverse than previously considered. Furthermore, these findings support the hypothesis that early Neolithic communities in the southern Iberian Peninsula were able to adopt different feeding strategies within the same herd, depending on their ecological and productive needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T13:20:51Z","timestamp":1712150451000},"page":"e0299786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Shepherding the past: High-resolution data on Neolithic Southern Iberian livestock management at Cueva de El Toro (Antequera, M\u00e1laga)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2903-7846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Sierra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-298X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0193-7714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roger","family":"Alc\u00e0ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Camalich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimas","family":"Mart\u00edn-Socas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-0639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Sa\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0299786.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3989\/tp.2014.12123","article-title":"La neolitizaci\u00f3n del nordeste de la pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica: Datos radiocarb\u00f3nicos y culturales de los asentamientos al aire libre del Pened\u00e8s","volume":"71","author":"FX Oms","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trabajos de Prehistoria"},{"key":"pone.0299786.ref002","first-page":"9","article-title":"Sobre el significado de la primera ocupaci\u00f3n neol\u00edtica de la Cova d\u2019En Pardo (Planes, Alicante): avance de estudio pluridisciplinar de los niveles VIII y VIIIb","volume":"45","author":"JA Soler D\u00edaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saguntum Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueolog\u00eda de Valencia"},{"key":"pone.0299786.ref003","first-page":"53","article-title":"Una perspectiva mediterr\u00e1nea sobre el proceso de neolitizaci\u00f3n. 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